Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Shabbat 299

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1

מדוד והבא ואיכא דאמרי שאמרה מאד מאד הביא בלא מדה

Measure out [tribute] and bring it [to us]; others interpret: that demanded, Bring ever more and more, without measure.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These interpret madhebah either as me'od habeh (count and bring) or me'od habi (belo) middah (bring much, without measure). ');"><sup>1</sup></span> And excellent greatness was added to me:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dan. IV, 36. This was said by Nebuchadnezzar when he regained sanity after having lived seven years like a wild beast. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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2

(דניאל ד, לג) ורבו יתירה הוספת לי אמר רב יהודה אמר רב ירמיה בר אבא מלמד שרכב על ארי זכר וקשר תנין בראשו לקיים מה שנא' (ירמיהו כז, ו) וגם את חית השדה נתתי לו לעבדו:

Rab Judah said in R. Jeremiah b. Abba's name: This teaches that he rode upon a male lion to whose head he had tied a snake [for reins]. in fulfilment of what is said, and the beasts of the field also have I given him to serve him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jer. XXVII, 6. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. A MAN MUST NOT HIRE LABOURERS ON THE SABBATH, NOR INSTRUCT HIS NEIGHBOUR TO HIRE LABOURERS ON HIS BEHALF. ONE MUST NOT GO TO THE TEHUM TO AWAIT NIGHTFALL<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'for nightfall'. I.e., one may not go as far as the tehum on the Sabbath in readiness to cross it immediately the Sabbath terminates. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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3

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> לא ישכור אדם פועלים בשבת ולא יאמר אדם לחבירו לשכור לו פועלים אין מחשיכין על התחום לשכור לו פועלים ולהביא פירות אבל מחשיך הוא לשמור ומביא פירות בידו כלל אמר אבא שאול כל שאני זכאי באמירתו רשאי אני להחשיך עליו:

IN ORDER TO HIRE LABOURERS OR BRING IN PRODUCE; BUT ONE MAY DO SO IN ORDER TO WATCH [HIS FIELD]. AND [THEN] HE CAN BRING [HOME] PRODUCE WITH HIM.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in his hand'. Though he may not go to the tehum in the first place for this purpose, yet since he did so primarily in order to watch his field, he may take advantage of the fact and bring home produce too. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> ABBA SAUL STATED A GENERAL PRINCIPLE: WHATEVER I HAVE A RIGHT TO INSTRUCT [THAT IT BE DONE], I AM PERMITTED TO GO TO AWAIT NIGHTFALL, FOR IT [AT THE TEHUM].

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4

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> (פשיטא) מ"ש הוא ומ"ש חבירו אמר רב פפא חבר נכרי מתקיף לה רב אשי אמירה לנכרי שבות

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Wherein does he differ from his neighbour?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is obvious that if he must not engage labourers his neighbours must not either. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> — Said R. Papa: A Gentile neighbour [is meant]. R. Ashi demurred: [Surely] an order to a Gentile is [forbidden as] a shebuth?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. This is a well-known general principle, already taught in the Mishnah supra 121a, and it need not be repeated. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>

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5

אלא אמר רב אשי אפילו תימא חבירו ישראל הא קמ"ל לא יאמר אדם לחבירו שכור לי פועלים אבל אומר אדם לחבירו הנראה שתעמוד עמי לערב ומתני' מני כרבי יהושע בן קרחה דתניא לא יאמר אדם לחבירו הנראה שתעמוד עמי לערב רבי יהושע בן קרחה אומר אומר אדם לחבירו הנראה שתעמוד עמי לערב

Rather said R. Ashi: One may even say [that] an Israelite neighbour [is meant]. [Yet] he [the Tanna] informs us this: One may not say to his neighbour, 'Hire labourers for me,' but one may say to his neighbour, 'Well, we shall see<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H]. The exact meaning of the expression is not established. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> whether you join me<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'stand with me'. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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6

אמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר רבי יוחנן הלכה כרבי יהושע בן קרחה ואמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר רבי יוחנן מ"ט דרבי יהושע בן קרחה דכתיב (ישעיהו נח, יג) ממצוא חפצך ודבר דבר דיבור אסור הרהור מותר

in the evening!'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though both understand it as a hint that he desires to engage him. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> And with whom does our Mishnah agree? With R. Joshua b. Karhah. For it was taught: One must not say to his neighbour, 'Well, we shall see whether you join me in the evening'! R. Joshua b. Karhah said: One may say to his neighbour, 'Well, we shall see whether you join me in the evening'! Rabbah b. Bar Hanah said in R. Johanan's name: The <i>halachah</i> is as R. Joshua b. Karhah. Rabbah b. Bar Hanah also said in R. Johanan s name: What is R. Judah b. Karhah's reason? Because it is written, nor finding thine own pleasure nor speaking thine own words:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. LVIII, 13, q.v. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>

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7

רמי ליה רב אחא בר רב הונא לרבא מי אמר ר' יוחנן דיבור אסור הרהור מותר אלמא הרהור לאו כדיבור דמי והאמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר רבי יוחנן בכל מקום מותר להרהר חוץ מבית המרחץ ומבית הכסא שאני התם דבעינן (דברים כג, טו) והיה מחניך קדוש וליכא

[explicit] speech is forbidden, but thought is permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A hint is not explicit but left to the understanding. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> R. Aha son of R. Huna pointed out a contradiction to Raba. Did R. Johanan say: Speech is forbidden, thought is permitted, which shows that thought is not the same as speech? But surely Rabbah b. Bar Hanah said in R. Johanan's name: One may meditate [on learning] everywhere, except at the baths or in a privy? There it is different, because [the fulfilment of] and thy camp shall be holy<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXIII, 15. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>

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8

הכא נמי כתיב (דברים כג, טו) ולא יראה בך ערות דבר ההוא מיבעי ליה לכדרב יהודה דאמר רב יהודה עכו"ם ערום אסור לקרות קרית שמע כנגדו

is required, which is absent.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For speech is not mentioned in that passage. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> But it is also written, that he see no indecent speech [dabar] in thee?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. E.V.: 'that he see no unclean thing in thee'. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>

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9

מאי איריא עכו"ם אפי' ישראל נמי לא מיבעיא קאמר לא מיבעיא ישראל דאסור אבל עכו"ם כיון דכתיב ביה (יחזקאל כג, כ) אשר בשר חמורים בשרם אימא שפיר דמי קמ"ל

— That is required for Rab Judah['s dictum]. For Rab Judah said: One may not recite the <i>shema'</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> in the presence of a naked heathen. Why particularly a heathen: even an Israelite too? — He proceeds to a climax:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he states, " it="" is="" unnecessary"'.="" ');"=""><sup>17</sup></span>

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10

אימא הכי נמי אמר קרא (בראשית ט, כג) וערות אביהם לא ראו

it is superfluous to state that it is forbidden [in the presence of a naked] Israelite; but as for a heathen, Since it is written of him, whose flesh is the flesh of asses,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek. XXIII, 20. [I.e., nudity is common among them]. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> I might say that it is permitted therefore he tells us [otherwise]. Yet perhaps that indeed is so? Scripture saith, and they saw not their father's nakedness.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen, IX, 23: This shows that it is indecent in all cases. ');"><sup>19</sup></span>

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11

ודיבור מי אסיר והא רב חסדא ורב המנונא דאמרי תרוייהו חשבונות של מצוה מותר לחשבן בשבת וא"ר אלעזר פוסקים צדקה לעניים בשבת וא"ר יעקב בר אידי אמר רבי יוחנן מפקחין פיקוח נפש ופיקוח רבים בשבת והולכין לבתי כנסיות לפקח על עסקי רבים בשבת

Now, is speech forbidden? Surely R. Hisda and R: Hamnuna both said: Accounts in connection with religion may be calculated [discussed] on the Sabbath. And R. Eleazar said: One may determine charity [grants] to the poor on the Sabbath. Again, R. Jacob b. Idi said in R. Johanan's name: One may supervise matters of life and death and matters of communal urgency on the Sabbath, and one may go to the synagogues to attend to communal affairs on the Sabbath. Also, R. Samuel b. Nahmani said in R. Johanan's name: One may go to theatres and circuses and basilicas to attend to communal affairs on the Sabbath. Further, the School of Manasseh taught: One may make arrangements on the Sabbath for the betrothal of young girls and the elementary education<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to teach him (the) book'. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> of a child and to teach him a trade!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All these involve actual speech. ');"><sup>21</sup></span>

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12

וא"ר שמואל בר נחמני א"ר יוחנן הולכין לטרטיאות ולקרקסאות ולבסילקאות לפקח על עסקי רבים בשבת ותנא דבי מנשה משדכין על התינוקות ליארס בשבת ועל התינוק ללמדו ספר וללמדו אומנות אמר קרא ממצוא חפצך ודבר דבר חפציך אסורים חפצי שמים מותרין

— Scripture saith, nor finding thine own affairs nor speaking thine own words: thine affairs are forbidden, the affairs of Heaven [religious matters] are permitted. Rab Judah said in Samuel's name: Unimportant accounts<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'accounts of what is it to thee'. Rashi. 'Aruch and R. Han.: accounts of guests, i.e., how many guests will be present, etc. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>

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13

א"ר יהודה אמר שמואל חשבונות של [מלך] ושל מה בכך מותר לחשבן בשבת תנ"ה חשבונות שעברו ושעתידין להיו' אסור לחשבן של) מלך

and past expenditure accounts<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi. Lit., 'what (cost) lies in this', Aliter: 'of no practical value'. Lit., 'of what is in it'. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> may be calculated on the Sabbath. It was taught likewise: One may not calculate past or future accounts,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., I have expended or will have to expend so much or so much. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> [but accounts] of unimportance

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