Shabbat 5

בבא דרישא פטור ומותר לא קתני אלא בבא דסיפא דפטור אבל אסור קשיא

he does not teach what involves no liability and is [also] permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., if the man without extends his hand and places an article into the hand of the man within, the latter commits no action at all, being passive throughout, and, as far as the Sabbath is concerned, he does nothing forbidden. ');">¹</span> But the last clause, where no liability is involved, yet it is forbidden, is indeed difficult.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why these are not counted as separate actions, as explained in n. 4. ');">²</span>

מי איכ' בכולי שבת פטור ומותר והאמר שמואל כל פטורי דשבת פטור אבל אסור בר מהני תלת דפטור ומותר צידת צבי וצידת נחש ומפיס מורסא

(But is there in the whole [of the laws relating to] Sabbath [an action described as involving] no liability [yet] permitted: did not Samuel say: Everything [taught as] involving no liability on the Sabbath, involves [indeed] no liability, yet it is forbidden, save these three, which involve no liability and are [also] permitted: [viz.,] the capture of a deer,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 106b end and 107a. ');">³</span> the capture of a snake, and the manipulation of an abscess?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 107a. ');">⁴</span>

כי איצטריך ליה לשמואל פטורי דקא עביד מעשה פטורי דלא קא עביד מעשה איכא טובא

— Samuel desires to say this only of exemptions where an act is performed; but as for exemptions where no act [at all] is done, [of such] there are many?) Yet still there are twelve? — Non-liable acts whereby one can come to the liability of a sin-offering are counted; those whereby one cannot come to the liability of a sin-offering are not counted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Stretching out one's hand with an article from a private to a public domain or vice versa may involve a sin-offering, viz., by depositing the said article in the new domain. But acceptance can never lead to this (Riba). ');">⁵</span>

מ"מ תרתי סרי הויין פטורי דאתי בהו לידי חיוב חטאת קא חשיב דלא אתי בהו לידי חיוב חטאת לא קא חשיב

'BOTH ARE EXEMPT?' But between them a [complete] action is performed! — It was taught: [And if anyone] of the common people sin unwittingly, in doing [any of the things etc.]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. IV, 27. ');">⁶</span> only he who performs the whole of it [a forbidden action], but not he who performs a portion thereof. [Hence] if a single person performs it, he is liable; if two perform it, they are exempt. It was stated likewise: R. Hiyya b. Gamada said: It emanated<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'it was cast forth'. ');">⁷</span>

שניהן פטורין והא אתעבידא מלאכה מבינייהו תניא ר' אומר (ויקרא ד, כז) מעם הארץ בעשותה העושה את כולה ולא העושה את מקצתה יחיד ועשה אותה חייב שנים ועשו אותה פטורין איתמר נמי א"ר חייא בר גמדא נזרקה מפי חבורה ואמרו בעשותה יחיד שעשאה חייב שנים שעשאוה פטורין:

from the mouth of the company<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of scholars — i.e., it was generally ruled. ');">⁸</span> and they said: 'In doing': if a single person performs it, he is liable: if two perform it, they are exempt.

בעי מיניה רב מרבי הטעינו חבירו אוכלין ומשקין והוציאן לחוץ מהו עקירת גופו כעקירת חפץ ממקומו דמי ומיחייב או דילמא לא א"ל חייב ואינו דומה לידו מאי טעמא גופו נייח ידו לא נייח

Rab asked Rabbi: If one's neighbour loads him with food and drink, and he carries them without, what is the law? Is the removing<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'uprooting'. ');">⁹</span> of one's body like the removing of an article from its place, and so he is liable; or perhaps it is not so? He replied: He is liable, and it is not like his hand.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For, as stated in the Mishnah, if an article is placed in one's hand and he withdraws it, he is exempt. ');">¹⁰</span> What is the reason? — His body is at rest<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence the article upon his body is likewise at rest, and he effects its removal, ');">¹¹</span> whereas his hand is not at rest.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the ground: hence he does not actually remove the article from its place. ');">¹²</span>