Shabbat 51

לימא מר מפני שהוא עף חדא ועוד קאמר חדא מפני שהוא עף ועוד גזירה שמא יסתפק ממנו

Let the Master say, because it is volatile?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Explosive and dangerous. ');">¹</span> — He states, one thing and yet another.' One thing, because it is volatile; and yet another, as a preventive measure, lest he draw supplies from it.

ההיא חמתא דהות סניאה לה לכלתה אמרה לה זיל איקשיט במשחא דאפרסמא אזלא איקשיט כי אתת אמרה לה זיל איתלי שרגא אזלא אתלא שרגא אינפח בה נורא ואכלתה:

A certain mother-in-law hated her daughter-in-law. Said she to her, 'Go and adorn yourself with balsam oil.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Anointing with oil is and was a common practice in the hot eastern countries; Krauss, T.A. I, 229 and 233. ');">²</span> She went and adorned herself. On her return she said to her, 'Go and light the lamp.' She went and lit the lamp: a spark flew out on her and consumed her.

(ירמיהו נב, טז) ומדלת הארץ השאיר נבוזראדן רב טבחים לכורמים וליוגבים כורמים תני רב יוסף אלו מלקטי אפרסמון מעין גדי ועד רמתא יוגבים אלו ציידי חלזון מסולמות של צור ועד חיפה:

But Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard left of the poorest of the land to be vinedressers [kormim] and husbandmen [yogbim].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jer. LII, 16. ');">³</span> 'Kornim:' R. Joseph learnt: This means balsamum gatherers from the En Gedi to Ramah. Yogbim: These are those which catch hilazon<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Purple-fish, used for dyeing tekeleth, a peculiar kind of blue. ');">⁴</span>

ת"ר אין מדליקין בטבל טמא בחול ואצ"ל בשבת כיוצא בו אין מדליקין בנפט לבן בחול ואצ"ל בשבת בשלמא נפט לבן מפני שהוא עף אבל טבל טמא מאי טעמא

from the promontory of Tyre as far as Haifa.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] is derived from [H] 'to split', with reference to the splitting of the mollusc in order to extract the dye; v. infra 76a. ');">⁵</span> Our Rabbis taught: One must not feed a lamp with unclean <i>tebel</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');">⁶</span>

אמר קרא (במדבר יח, ח) ואני הנה נתתי לך את משמרת תרומותי בשתי תרומות הכתוב מדבר אחת תרומה טהורה ואחת תרומה טמאה מה תרומה טהורה אין לך בה אלא משעת הרמה ואילך אף תרומה טמאה אין לך בה אלא משעת הרמה ואילך:

on weekdays, and all the more so on the Sabbath. Similarly, one must not light [a lamp] with white naphtha on weekdays, and all the more so on the Sabbath. As for white naphtha, that is well, [the reason being] because it is volatile. But what is the reason of unclean <i>tebel</i>? — Scripture saith, And I, behold, I have given thee the charge of mine heave-offerings [terumothai]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XVIII, 8. ');">⁷</span> the Writ refers to two terumoth, clean and unclean <i>terumah</i>:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 25a. ');">⁸</span>

גופא ר"ש בן אלעזר אומר אין מדליקין בצרי וכן היה רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר צרי אינו אלא שרף מעצי הקטף ר' ישמעאל אומר כל היוצא מן העץ אין מדליקין בו ר' ישמעאל בן ברוקה אומר אין מדליקין אלא ביוצא מן הפרי ר' טרפון אומר אין מדליקין אלא בשמן זית בלבד

just as you enjoy nought of clean <i>terumah</i> save from its separation and onwards,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Clean terumah is used for human consumption, and before it is actually separated it is forbidden, even to the priest, i.e., he may not enjoy the produce in which it is contained. ');">⁹</span> So also unclean <i>terumah</i>, you may enjoy nought thereof save from its separation and onwards.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unclean terumah can be used only as fuel, and the analogy shows that this is permitted only when it is actually separated, but not while it is yet tebel. ');">¹⁰</span>

עמד רבי יוחנן בן נורי על רגליו ואמר מה יעשו אנשי בבל שאין להם אלא שמן שומשמין ומה יעשו אנשי מדי שאין להם אלא שמן אגוזים ומה יעשו אנשי אלכסנדריא שאין להם אלא שמן צנונות ומה יעשו אנשי קפוטקיא שאין להם לא כך ולא כך אלא נפט אלא אין לך אלא מה שאמרו חכמים אין מדליקין

[To turn to] the main text: R. Simeon b. Eleazar said: One may not kindle [the Sabbath lamp] with balsam. And thus did R. Simeon b. Eleazar say: Balsam [zari] is merely the sap of resinous trees. R. Ishmael said: All that proceeds from trees, one may not light. R. Ishmael b. Berokah said: One may light only with the produce of fruit.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Excluding fish and mineral oil, and oil tapped direct from the tree. ');">¹¹</span> R. Tarfon said: One may light [the Sabbath lamp] with nought but olive oil. Thereupon R. Johanan b. Nuri rose to his feet and exclaimed, What shall the Babylonians do, who have only sesame oil? And what shall the Medeans do, who have only nut oil? And what shall the Alexandrians do, who have only radish oil? And what shall the people of Cappadocia<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A district of Asia Minor. ');">¹²</span>

ומדליקין בשמן דגים ובעטרן רבי שמעון שזורי אומר מדליקין בשמן פקועות ובנפט סומכוס אומר כל היוצא מן הבשר אין מדליקין בו אלא בשמן דגים סומכוס היינו ת"ק איכא בינייהו דרב ברונא אמר רב ולא מסיימי

do, who have neither the one nor the other, save naphtha? But you have nought else but that concerning which the Sages said, One may not kindle [therewith].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' You cannot add to the list of forbidden oils enumerated on 20b. ');">¹³</span> And one may kindle with fish oil and 'itran.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A sort of resin. ');">¹⁴</span>

תניא רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר כל היוצא מן העץ אין בו משום שלש על שלש ומסככין בו חוץ מפשתן אמר אביי

R. Simeon Shezuri<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of Shezor, supposed to be Sheghor, near Kefar Anan in Galilee, v. Neub., Geogr., p. 278. ');">¹⁵</span> said: One may kindle with oil of gourds and with naphtha. Symmachos said: All that which comes from flesh, we may not kindle therewith, except fish oil. But Symmachos is identical with the earlier Tanna?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. R. Johanan b. Nuri. ');">¹⁶</span> — They differ in respect to R. Beruna's dictum in Rab's name,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 11a. One holds that tallow, being flesh, may not be used at all, even if mixed with oil, thus rejecting the view expressed there, and the other maintains that the mixture is permitted. ');">¹⁷</span> but it is not clearly defined.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who accepts R. Beruna's dictum and who rejects it. ');">¹⁸</span> It was taught, R. Simeon b. Eleazar said: Whatever comes forth from trees is not subject to the law of three by three fingerbreadths,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A piece of cloth three fingerbreadths square (or more) is liable to become unclean. R. Simeon b. Eleazar excepts the produce of trees, e.g., cotton cloth. ');">¹⁹</span> and one may cover [a booth] therewith,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The booth (sukkah), in which one must dwell during the Feast of Tabernacles (Lev. XXIII, 42), must be covered with a material that is not liable to defilement (Suk. 12.b); hence the produce of trees is fit for this purpose. ');">²⁰</span> except flax.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if not made up into a garment and as yet merely spun (v. infra 27b). Though not liable to defilement by reptiles it is subject to the uncleanness of leprosy. ');">²¹</span> Abaye observed,