Shabbat 53

מנא ליה נפקא (ויקרא יא, לב) מאו בגד דתניא בגד אין לי אלא בגד שלשה על שלשה בשאר בגדים מניין ת"ל או בגד

— He deduces it from, or raiment.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 32, q.v. 'Or' (Heb. [H]) is an extension. ');">¹</span> For it was taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This phrase always introduces a Baraitha, which contains the teaching of a Tanna. Since it is controverted by Abaye (v. text), Rashi deletes 'for it was taught', for it is axiomatic that an amora (Abaye was such) cannot disagree with a Tanna, and assumes that it is a continuation of Raba's statement. Tosaf. defends it, and the style too is that of a Baraitha. ');">²</span>

ואביי האי או בגד מאי עביד ליה מיבעי ליה לרבות שלש על שלש בצמר ופשתים דמטמא בשרצים

'raiment': I only know [it] of raiment,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. that a garment is subject to defilement. ');">³</span> how do I know [it of] three [handbreadths] square of other materials?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not wool or linen. ');">⁴</span>

ורבא גלי רחמנא גבי נגעים והוא הדין לשרצים

Therefore it is stated, 'or raiment.' And Abaye? how does he employ this or raiment! — He utilizes it to include three [fingerbreadths] square of wool or linen, that it becomes unclean through creeping things.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Or raiment' is in a passage referring to these. ');">⁵</span> And Raba?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How does he know that? ');">⁶</span>

ואביי איכא למיפרך מה לנגעים שכן שתי וערב מטמא בהם

— The Merciful One revealed this in reference to leprosy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 26b. ');">⁷</span> and the same holds good of reptiles. And Abaye?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Does he not admit this? ');">⁸</span>

ואידך אי ס"ד נגעים חמירי לכתוב רחמנא גבי שרצים וליתו נגעים מינייהו

— It [the analogy] may be refuted: as for leprosy, [the reason is] because the warp and the woof [of wool or linen] become defiled n their case.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the thread itself, whether warp or woof, is liable to defilement. But Scripture does not state this in reference to reptiles, and so the deduction of three fingerbreadths square may not apply to it either. ');">⁹</span> And the other?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Raba: how does he dispose of this refutation? ');">¹⁰</span>

ואידך נגעים משרצים לא אתו דאיכא למיפרך מה לשרצים שכן מטמא בכעדשה

— Should you think that leprosy is stricter, let the Divine Law write [it]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The extension of 'and the garment' supra 26b. ');">¹¹</span> with reference to reptiles,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Instead of leprosy. ');">¹²</span>

אמר אביי האי תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל מפיק מאידך תנא דבי ר' ישמעאל דתני דבי רבי ישמעאל בגד אין לי אלא בגד צמר ופשתים מניין לרבות צמר גמלים וצמר ארנבים נוצה של עזים והשירין והכלך והסריקין תלמוד לומר או בגד

and leprosy would be learnt from them. And the other? — Leprosy could not be derived from reptiles, because it may be refuted: as for reptiles, [the reason is] because they defile by the size of a lentil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A piece the size of a lentil is sufficient to defile, whereas the smallest leprous eruption to defile is the size of a bean, which is larger than a lentil. ');">¹³</span> Abaye said: This Tanna of the School of R. Ishmael rebuts another Tanna of the School of R. Ishmael. For the School of R. Ishmael taught: 'A garment': I know it only of a woollen or a linen garment: whence do I know to include camel hair,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'wool of camels'. ');">¹⁴</span>

רבא אמר כי לית ליה להך תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל בשאר בגדים שלש על שלש שלשה על שלשה אית ליה

rabbit wool, goat hair,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., stuffs made of these. ');">¹⁵</span> silk, kallak,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 86, n. 6. ');">¹⁶</span>

והא רבא הוא דאמר שלשה על שלשה בשאר בגדים לרשב"א אית ליה לתנא דבי רבי ישמעאל לית ליה הדר ביה רבא מההיא ואב"א הא רב פפא אמרה

and seritim?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 86, n. 6. ');">¹⁶</span> From the verse, or raiment'. Raba said: When does this Tanna of the School of R. Ishmael reject [the defilement of] other materials? [Only in respect of] three [fingerbreadths] square; but [if it is] three [handbreadths] square, be accepts it. But it was Raba who said that in respect of three [handbreadths] by three in other clothes, R. Simeon b. Eleazar accepts [their liability to defilement], while the Tanna of the School of R. Ishmael rejects it? — Raba retracted from that [view]. Alternatively, this latter [statement] was made by R. Papa.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Raba's successor; of many dicta it was not known whether they were his or Raba's; Tosaf. infra b. s.v. [H]. ');">¹⁷</span>

רב פפא אמר אף כל לאתויי כלאים כלאים בהדיא כתיבי ביה (דברים כב, יא) לא תלבש שעטנז צמר ופשתים יחדיו ס"ד אמינא ה"מ דרך לבישה אבל בהעלאה כל תרי מיני אסור

R. Papa said: 'So all [are of wool or flax],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the first citation of the Tanna of the School of R. Ishmael, supra 26b. ');">¹⁸</span> is to include kil'ayim.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. I.e., only a mixture of wool or flax is forbidden, but no other. Accordingly it does not relate to defilement at all, and does not contradict the other teaching of the School of R. Ishmael. — Rashi reads at the beginning of this passage, For R. Papa said, since this dictum of R. Papa explains why in his opinion the two are not contradictory. ');">¹⁹</span>

ולאו ק"ו הוא ומה לבישה דקא מיתהני כולי גופיה מכלאים אמרת צמר ופשתים אין מידי אחרינא לא העלאה לא כ"ש אלא דרב פפא בדותא היא

But of kil'ayim it is explicitly stated, Thou shalt not wear a mingled stuff, wool and linen together?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXII, 11. ');">²⁰</span> — I might argue, That is only in the manner of wearing,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Then a mixture of wool and linen alone is forbidden. ');">²¹</span>

רב נחמן בר יצחק אמר אף כל

but to place it over oneself<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., as a covering or wrap. ');">²²</span> any two materials [mingled] are forbidden. Now, does that not follow a fortiori': if of wearing, though the whole body derives benefit from kil'ayim,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When one wears a garment it comes into closer contact with the separate limbs of the body, affording them protection and warmth, than when he merely covers or wraps himself in a robe. ');">²³</span> you say, wool and linen alone [are forbidden] but nothing else; how much more so wrapping oneself! Hence this [dictum] of R. Papa is a fiction.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Incorrect. ');">²⁴</span> R. Nahman b. Isaac said: 'So all etc.'