Shabbat 79

Chapter 79

א . הדר ביה ר"ע לגביה דרבי יהושע. ואי מכללא מאי דילמא ה"מ במתניתין אבל בברייתא לא א"ל אנא בפירוש שמיע לי
1 retracted in favour of R. Joshua.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 29b. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> Yet what if it is by deduction? — Perhaps that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. Johanan's rule on compromise. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב אתמר חמין שהוחמו מע"ש רב אמר למחר רוחץ בהן כל גופו אבר אבר ושמואל אמר. לא התירו לרחוץ אלא פניו ידיו ורגליו מיתיבי חמין שהוחמו מע"ש למחר רוחץ בהן פניו ידיו ורגליו אבל לא כל גופו תיובתא דרב אמר לך רב לא כל גופו בבת אחת אלא אבר אבר והא פניו ידיו ורגליו קתני כעין פניו ידיו ורגליו
2 is only in the Mishnah, but not in a Baraitha? — I heard it explicitly, said he to him. It was stated: if hot water is heated on the eve of the Sabbath, — Rab said: On the morrow one may wash his whole body in it, limb by limb; while Samuel ruled: They [the Sages] permitted one to wash his face, hands, and feet only.
ג תא שמע לא התירו לרחוץ בחמין שהוחמו מע"ש אלא פניו ידיו ורגליו ה"נ כעין פניו ידיו ורגליו
3 An objection is raised: If hot water is heated on the eve of the Sabbath, on the morrow one may wash his face, hands, and feet therein, but not his whole body. This refutes Rab? — Rab can answer you: Not his whole body at once, but limb by limb. But he [the Tanna] states, his face, hands, and feet? — [It means] similar to the face, hands, and feet.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., limb by limb. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> Come and hear: It was permitted to wash only one's face, hands, and feet [on the Sabbath] in water heated on the eve of the Sabbath? — Here too [it means] similar to the face, hands, and feet.
ד תניא כוותיה דשמואל חמין שהוחמו מע"ש למחר רוחץ בהן פניו ידיו ורגליו אבל לא כל גופו אבר אבר ואצ"ל חמין שהוחמו בי"ט רבה מתני לה להא שמעתא דרב בהאי לישנא חמין שהוחמו מע"ש למחר אמר רב רוחץ בהן כל גופו ומשייר אבר אחד איתיביה כל הני תיובתא תיובתא
4 It was taught in accordance with Samuel: If hot water is heated on the eve of the Sabbath, on the morrow [the Sabbath day] one may wash his face, hands, and feet therein, but not his whole body limb by limb; and with water heated on a Festival it goes without saying.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One may certainly not wash his whole body therein on the Festival. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> Rabbah recited this ruling of Rab in the following version: If hot water is heated on the eve of the Sabbath, — Rab said, On the morrow one may wash his whole body in it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This, in view of the reservation that follows, must mean simultaneously (Rashi). ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ה א"ל רב יוסף לאביי רבה מי קא עביד כשמעתיה דרב א"ל לא ידענא מאי תיבעי ליה פשיטא דלא עביד דהא איתותב. דילמא) לא שמיעא ליה
5 but must omit one limb. He raised against him all the [above] objections. He is [indeed] refuted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the answer given previously that it means similar to the face, etc., does not apply to his version in which he permits the wholy body simultaneously, v. n. 2. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> R. Joseph asked Abaye, Did Rabbah act in accordance with Rabis ruling? I do not know, he replied. What question is this: it is obvious that he did not act, for he was refuted? He did not hear them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rabbah did not know of these refutations. Or possibly, he did not accept them; cf. Kaplan, Redaction of the Talmud, p. 138. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ו ואי לא שמיעא ' ודאי עביד. דאמר אביי כל מילי דמר עביד כרב בר מהני תלת דעביד כשמואל מטילין מבגד לבגד ומדליקין מנר לנר והלכה כר"ש בגרירה כחומרי דרב עביד כקולי דרב לא עביד
6 But if he had not heard them he certainly acted [thus]! For Abaye said: In all matters the Master [sc. Rabbah] acted in accordance with Rab, except in these three where he did as Samuel: [viz.,] one may light from lamp to lamp, one can detach [the fringes] from one garment for [insertion in] another, and the <i>halachah</i> is as R. Simeon in respect to dragging.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 22a, q.v. notes. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> — He followed Rab's restrictions, but not his leniencies.
ז ת"ר מרחץ שפקקו נקביו מע"ש למוצ"ש רוחץ בו מיד פקקו נקביו מעי"ט למחר נכנס ומזיע ויוצא ומשתטף בבית החיצון
7 Our Rabbis taught: If the holes of a bath-house are plugged<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that its steam should not be lost. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> on the eve of the Sabbath, one may bathe therein immediately after the conclusion of the Sabbath; if on the eve of a Festival, one may enter on the morrow,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the Festival day. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ח אמר רב יהודה מעשה במרחץ של בני ברק שפקקו נקביו מעי"ט למחר נכנס ראב"ע ור"ע והזיעו בו ויצאו ונשתטפו בבית החיצון אלא שחמין שלו מחופין בנסרים כשבא הדבר לפני חכמים אמרו אף על פי שאין חמין שלו מחופין בנסרין ומשרבו עוברי עבירה התחילו לאסור אמבטיאות של כרכין מטייל בהן ואינו חושש
8 sweat, and go out and have a souse bath<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of cold water or water warmed on Sabbath eve, v. supra 39b. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> in the outer chamber.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not in the inner chamber where people wash, lest it be said that he washed his whole body. which is forbidden. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ט מאי עוברי עבירה דא"ר שמעון בן פזי אמר ריב"ל משום בר קפרא בתחלה היו רוחצין בחמין שהוחמו מע"ש התחילו הבלנים להחם בשבת ואומרים מערב שבת הוחמו אסרו את החמין והתירו את הזיעה ועדיין היו רוחצין בחמין ואומרים מזיעין אנחנו אסרו להן את הזיעה והתירו חמי טבריה ועדיין היו רוחצין בחמי האור ואומרים בחמי טבריה רחצנו אסרו להן חמי טבריה והתירו להן את הצונן ראו שאין הדבר עומד להן התירו להן חמי טבריה וזיעה במקומה עומדת
9 Rab Judah said: it once happened at the baths of Bene Berak<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Near Jaffa, the seat of R. Akiba's academy: v. Josh. XIX, 45. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> that the holes were plugged on the eve of a Festival: on the morrow R. Eleazar b. 'Azariah and R. Akiba entered, sweated therein, went out, and had a souse bath in the outer chamber, but the warm water was covered over with boards.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., and they had no fear that the water in which they soused might have been heated by the heat of the baths. (Rashi). [Aliter: they took a souse in cold water, and the hot water in the bath house was covered to prevent the shower-bath water getting warm, v. Tosaf. a.l.] ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
י אמר רבא האי מאן דעבר אדרבנן שרי למיקרי ליה עבריינא כמאן
10 When the matter came before the Sages, they said: Even if the warm water is not covered with boards.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is permitted. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> But when transgressors grew in number, they began forbidding it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A steam bath on Sabbath. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> One may stroll through the baths of large cities and need have no fear.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He may stroll through, not to sweat, and need not fear that he will be suspected of an unlawful purpose. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> What is [this reference to] transgressors? For R. Simeon b. Pazzi said in the name of R. Joshua b. Levi on the authority of Bar Kappara: At first people used to wash in pit water heated on the eve of the Sabbath; then bath attendants began to heat the water on the Sabbath, maintaining that it was done on the eve of the Sabbath. So [the use of] hot water was forbidden, but sweating was permitted. Yet still they used to bathe in hot water and maintain, We were perspiring. So sweating was forbidden, yet the thermal springs of Tiberias were permitted. Yet they bathed in water heated by fire and maintained, We bathed in the thermal springs of Tiberias. So they forbade the hot springs of Tiberias but permitted cold water. But when they saw that this [series of restriction] could not stand,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They could not be enforced, being regarded as too onerous for the masses. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> they permitted the hot springs of Tiberias, whilst sweating remained in status quo.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Forbidden. — It is not clear whether these subterfuges were resorted to because the Rabbis might punish non-observance, or because public opinion condemned the open desecration of the Sabbath, even in respect of Rabbinical enactments. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> Raba said: He who violates [even) a Rabbinical enactment, may be stigmatized a transgressor.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without fear of proceedings for libel. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> According to whom?