Shevuot 72

אלא איפוך אפילו באיסורא לית ליה

- Well then [you must] reverse;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Our MISHNAH:');">¹</span> for even in a prohibition he does not hold [this principle]. To this Rabina demurred; And in a prohibition does he not hold [this principle]?

מתקיף ליה רבינא ובאיסורא לית ליה אלא מעתה שתויי יין. ופרועי ראש דבמיתה הכי נמי דלית ליה לר"מ והתנן אלו שבמיתה שתויי יין ופרועי ראש

Now then, [priests ministering in the Temple] intoxicated with wine,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. X, 9: Drink no wine nor strong drink . . when ye go into the tent of meeting, that ye die not.');">²</span> or with a long growth of hair,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' More than 30 days' growth; v. Rashi, Sanh. 83a. They shall not suffer their locks to grow long . . neither shall any priest drink wine, when they enter into the inner court (Ezek. XLIV, 20, 21) . Allowing the hair to grow long is equated with drinking wine; just as for drinking wine the penalty is death, so for allowing the hair to grow long the penalty is death; Sanh. 83b.');">³</span> the punishment for which is [said to be] death - will you also say [in these cases] that R'Meir does not hold [the principle]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In these cases we must derive the affirmative from the negative in order to impose the penalty: Drink no wine . . that ye die not; but if you drink wine, you will die.');">⁴</span>

אלא לעולם תיפוך כי לית ליה בממונא באיסורא אית ליה ושאני סוטה דאיסורא דאית ביה ממונא הוא:

Surely we learnt: These are liable for death: [priests] intoxicated with wine, and with a long growth of hair!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sanh. 83a, none disputing.');">⁵</span> - Hence indeed, reverse; but only in money matters does he not hold [the principle]; in a prohibition, however, he does hold the principle;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Therefore he agrees that intoxicated priests are liable to the penalty of death.');">⁶</span> and the case of sotah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where he does not hold the principle.');">⁷</span>

<br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך שבועת העדות</strong></big><br><br>

is different, because it is a prohibition which includes also money matters.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Her kethubah is involved, for if she is guilty she does not receive it. In our Mishnah, too, the oath (adjuring the witnesses) involves a money claim; therefore R. Meir exempts the witnesses (for we reverse the reading) .');">⁸</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>THE OATH OF DEPOSIT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. V, 2.');">⁹</span> APPLIES TO MEN AND WOMEN.

מתני׳ <big><strong>שבועת</strong></big> הפקדון נוהגת באנשים ובנשים ברחוקים ובקרובים בכשרים ובפסולים

TO NON-RELATIVES AND RELATIVES, TO THOSE QUALIFIED [TO BEAR TESTIMONY] AND THOSE UNQUALIFIED; BEFORE THE BETH DIN AND NOT BEFORE THE BETH DIN, [IF UTTERED] FROM HIS OWN MOUTH;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or if he responds 'Amen!' after the depositor's adjuration.');">¹⁰</span> BUT [IF ADJURED] BY THE MOUTH OF OTHERS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without responding 'Amen!'');">¹¹</span> HE IS NOT LIABLE UNLESS HE DENIES IT BEFORE THE BETH DIN: THIS IS THE OPINION OF A.

בפני בית דין ושלא בפני בית דין מפי עצמו ומפי אחרים אינו חייב עד שיכפרנו בב"ד דברי רבי מאיר

MEIR; BUT THE SAGES SAY, WHETHER [UTTERED] FROM HIS OWN MOUTH OR [ADJURED] BY THE MOUTH OF OTHERS - SINCE HE DENIED IT, HE IS LIABLE. AND HE IS LIABLE FOR THE WILFUL TRANSGRESSION OF THE OATH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Knowing that he has the deposit, and knowing that for denying it on oath he is liable to bring a guilt offering.');">¹²</span> AND FOR ITS UNWITTING TRANSGRESSION,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not knowing that he is liable to an offering.');">¹³</span>

וחכמים אומרים בין מפי עצמו בין מפי אחרים כיון שכפר בו חייב

COUPLED WITH WILFUL [DENIAL OF] DEPOSIT; BUT HE IS NOT LIABLE FOR UNWITTING TRANSGRESSION SIMPLY.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he really forgot that he had the deposit.');">¹⁴</span> AND TO WHAT IS HE LIABLE FOR WILFUL TRANSGRESSION? A GUILT OFFERING<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. V, 25.');">¹⁵</span>

וחייב על זדון השבועה ועל שגגתה עם זדון הפקדון ואינו חייב על שגגתה גרידתא ומה חייב על זדונה אשם בכסף שקלים

OF [THE VALUE OF] TWO SHEKELS OF SILVER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid, 15: according to thy valuation in shekels of silver (shekels == two) .');">¹⁶</span> THE OATH OF DEPOSIT - HOW? HE SAID TO HIM: 'GIVE ME MY DEPOSIT WHICH I HAVE IN THY POSSESSION.'

שבועת הפקדון כיצד אמר לו תן לי פקדוני שיש לי בידך שבועה שאין לך בידי או שאמר לו אין לך בידי משביעך אני ואמר אמן הרי זה חייב

[THE OTHER REPLIED:] 'I SWEAR THAT THOU HAST NOT [ANYTHING] IN MY POSSESSION'; OR HE REPLIED TO HIM; 'THOU HAST NOT [ANYTHING] IN MY POSSESSION,' [AND THE DEPOSITOR SAID:] 'I ADJURE THEE.' AND HE RESPONDED, 'AMEN!'; HE IS LIABLE. IF HE ADJURED HIM FIVE TIMES, WHETHER BEFORE THE BETH DIN OR NOT BEFORE THE BETH DIN, AND HE DENIED, HE IS LIABLE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An offering.');">¹⁷</span>

השביע עליו חמש פעמים בין בפני בית דין ובין שלא בפני ב"ד וכפר חייב על כל אחת ואחת אמר רבי שמעון מה טעם מפני שיכול לחזור ולהודות

FOR EACH ONE. R'SIMEON SAID: WHAT IS THE REASON? BECAUSE HE CAN RETRACT AND ADMIT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After each oath he may retract, and admit that he has the deposit; each denial is thus a fresh denial of money.');">¹⁸</span>

היו חמשה תובעים אותו אמרו לו תן לנו פקדון שיש לנו בידך שבועה שאין לכם בידי אינו חייב אלא אחת שבועה שאין לך בידי ולא לך ולא לך חייב על כל אחת ואחת ר"א אומר עד שיאמר שבועה באחרונה ר"ש אומר עד שיאמר שבועה לכל אחד ואחד

IF FIVE CLAIMED FROM HIM, AND SAID TO HIM: 'GIVE US THE DEPOSIT THAT WE HAVE IN THY POSSESSION,' [AND HE REPLIED:] 'I SWEAR THAT YOU HAVE NOT [ANYTHING] IN MY POSSESSION,' HE IS LIABLE ONLY ONCE. [IF HE SAID:] 'I SWEAR THAT THOU HAST NOT IN MY POSSESSION, NOR THOU, NOR THOU,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Addressing each of the five in turn.');">¹⁹</span> HE IS LIABLE FOR EACH ONE.

תן לי פקדון ותשומת יד גזל ואבידה שיש לי בידך שבועה שאין לך בידי אינו חייב אלא אחת שבועה שאין לך בידי פקדון ותשומת יד וגזל ואבידה חייב על כל אחת ואחת

R'ELIEZER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [MS.M.: 'R. Eleazar'.]');">²⁰</span> SAYS: ONLY IF HE SAYS, 'I SWEAR' AT THE END.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'You have not in my possession, nor you, nor you; I swear it,' he is liable for each one, because the oath refers to all.');">²¹</span> R'SIMEON SAYS: ONLY IF HE SAYS, 'I SWEAR' TO EACH ONE.'

תן לי חטין ושעורין וכוסמין שיש לי בידך שבועה שאין לך בידי אינו חייב אלא אחת שבועה שאין לך בידי חטין ושעורין וכוסמין חייב על כל אחת ואחת רבי מאיר אומר אפילו אמר חטה ושעורה וכוסמת חייב על כל אחת ואחת

GIVE ME THE DEPOSIT, LOAN, THEFT, AND LOST OBJECT THAT I HAVE IN THY POSSESSION.' - 'I SWEAR THAT THOU HAST NOT [THESE] IN MY POSSESSION,' HE IS LIABLE ONLY ONCE.' I SWEAR THAT THOU HAST NOT IN MY POSSESSION DEPOSIT, LOAN, THEFT, AND LOST OBJECT,' HE IS LIABLE FOR EACH ONE.'

אנסת ופיתית את בתי והוא אומר לא אנסתי ולא פיתיתי משביעך אני ואמר אמן חייב רבי שמעון פוטר שאינו משלם קנס על פי עצמו אמרו לו אע"פ שאינו משלם קנס על פי עצמו משלם בשת ופגם על פי עצמו

GIVE ME THE WHEAT, BARLEY, AND SPELT THAT I HAVE IN THY POSSESSION.' - 'I SWEAR THAT THOU HAST NOT [THESE] IN MY POSSESSION,' HE IS LIABLE ONLY ONCE.' I SWEAR THAT THOU HAST NOT IN MY POSSESSION WHEAT, BARLEY, AND SPELT,' HE IS LIABLE FOR EACH ONE.

גנבת את שורי והוא אומר לא גנבתי משביעך אני ואמר אמן חייב גנבתי אבל לא טבחתי ולא מכרתי משביעך אני ואמר אמן פטור

R'MEIR SAID: EVEN IF HE SAID, '. A GRAIN OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND SPELT,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 38a.');">²²</span> HE IS LIABLE FOR EACH ONE.'

המית שורך את שורי והוא אומר לא המית משביעך אני ואמר אמן חייב המית שורך את עבדי והוא אומר לא המית משביעך אני ואמר אמן פטור

THOU HAST VIOLATED OR SEDUCED MY DAUGHTER' AND THE OTHER SAYS, 'I DID NOT VIOLATE, NOR SEDUCE.' - 'I ADJURE THEE,' - AND HE RESPONDS, 'AMEN!' HE IS LIABLE. R'SIMEON EXEMPTS HIM, FOR HE DOES NOT PAY A FINE ON HIS OWN ADMISSION.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he had confessed to the seduction, he would not have had to pay the fine (50 shekels; v. Deut. XXII, 29) ; on the principle that he who xbe admits on his own accord liability to a fine is exempt from payment, v. B.K. 74b. Since he is therefore denying a fine , and not a money iunn liability, , he is exempt. iunn');">²³</span>

אמר לו חבלת בי ועשית בי חבורה והוא אומר לא חבלתי ולא עשיתי בך חבורה משביעך אני ואמר אמן חייב אמר לו עבדו הפלת את שיני וסימית את עיני והוא אומר לא הפלתי ולא סימיתי משביעך אני ואמר אמן פטור

THEY SAID TO HIM: THOUGH HE DOES NOT PAY A FINE ON HIS OWN ADMISSION, HE STILL PAYS FOR THE SHAME AND BLEMISH ON HIS OWN ADMISSION.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because these sums are ; therefore he is liable for the oath.');">²⁴</span> 'THOU HAST STOLEN MY OX,' AND HE SAYS, 'I HAVE NOT STOLEN IT.' - 'I ADJURE THEE,' - AND HE RESPONDS, 'AMEN!' HE IS LIABLE.'

זה הכלל כל המשלם על פי עצמו חייב ושאינו משלם על פי עצמו פטור:

I HAVE STOLEN IT, BUT I HAVE NOT KILLED IT OR SOLD IT.' - 'I ADJURE THEE,' AND HE RESPONDS, 'AMEN!' HE IS EXEMPT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The extra amount he is liable to pay for killing or selling it (Ex. XXI, 37) is a fine; his oath is hence a denial of a fine, and not of an actual money liability.');">²⁵</span> 'THY OX KILLED MY OX,' AND HE SAYS, 'IT DID NOT KILL [THY OX].'

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> רב אחא בר הונא ורב שמואל בריה דרבה בר בר חנה ורב יצחק בריה דרב יהודה תנו שבועות בי רבה פגע בהו רב כהנא אמר

- 'I ADJURE THEE,' - AND HE RESPONDS, 'AMEN!' HE IS LIABLE.' THY OX KILLED MY SLAVE,' AND HE SAYS, 'IT DID NOT KILL [THY SLAVE].' - 'I ADJURE THEE.' - AND HE RESPONDS, 'AMEN!' HE IS EXEMPT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the 30 shekels which the owner of the ox has to pay for the slave (Ex. XXI, 32) is merely a fine, this sum being paid even if the slave is worth much less.');">²⁶</span> HE SAID TO HIM, 'THOU HAST INJURED ME, OR BRUISED ME,' AND THE OTHER SAYS, 'I HAVE NOT INJURED THEE OR BRUISED THEE.' - 'I ADJURE THEE,' AND HE RESPONDS, 'AMEN!' HE IS LIABLE. HIS SLAVE SAID TO HIM, 'THOU HAST KNOCKED OUT MY TOOTH, OR BLINDED MY EYE,' AND HE SAID, 'I DID NOT KNOCK OUT [THY TOOTH], OR BLIND [THY EYE].' - 'I ADJURE THEE,' - AND HE RESPONDS, 'AMEN!' HE IS EXEMPT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For blinding an eye or knocking out a tooth of a slave the master must allow him to go free; Ex. XXI, 26, 27; this is a fine. iunn');">²⁷</span> THIS IS THE PRINCIPLE: WHENEVER HE PAYS ON HIS OWN ADMISSION,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., .');">²⁸</span> HE IS LIABLE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To bring an offering for his oath. xbe');">²⁹</span> AND WHEN HE DOES NOT PAY ON HIS OWN ADMISSION,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., .');">³⁰</span> HE IS EXEMPT. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>R'Aha B'Huna and R'Samuel the son of Rabbah B'Bar Hanah and R'Isaac the son of Rab Judah studied [the tractate of] Shebu'oth at the School of Rabbah. R'Kahana met them and said