Shevuot 82

תיובתא דרב אסי

which is a refutation of R'Assi!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For he says he must repay the loan before witnesses, and if he cannot produce the witnesses he is liable.');">¹</span> - R'Assi may say to you: I said [that he must repay him before witnesses] only if originally he lent him before witnesses, [which shows that] he did not trust him; but here, he trusted him!'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For he lent him without witnesses, and only when he claimed the loan later were there witnesses present.');">²</span>

אמר לך רב אסי אנא כי אמרי היכא דמעיקרא אוזפיה בעדים דלא לדידיה הימניה הכא הא הימניה

R'Joseph taught it thus:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He had a different tradition as to what R. Judah reported to Samuel in the name of R. Assi.');">³</span> R'Judah said, R'Assi said: If one lends to his neighbour before witnesses, he need not repay him before witnesses; but if he said to him: 'Do not repay me except before witnesses,' he must repay him before witnesses.

רב יוסף מתני הכי אמר רב יהודה אמר רב אסי המלוה את חבירו בעדים אינו צריך לפורעו בעדים ואם אמר אל תפרעני אלא בעדים צריך לפורעו בעדים כי אמריתה קמיה דשמואל אמר לי יכול לומר לו פרעתיך בפני פלוני ופלוני והלכו להם למדינת הים

When I said this before Samuel, he said to me: He may say to him: 'I paid you before So-and-so and So-and-so, and they went to a country beyond the seas.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if the creditor says to him he must repay him before witnesses, the borrower may always exempt himself by saying he did repay him before witnesses, but they are not now available.');">⁴</span> We learnt: 'YOU HAVE OF MINE IN YOUR POSSESSION A HUNDRED DENARII'; HE SAID TO HIM [BEFORE WITNESSES]: 'YES'.

תנן מנה לי בידך אמר לו הן אמר לו אל תתנהו לי אלא בפני עדים למחר אמר לו תנהו לי נתתיו לך חייב מפני שצריך ליתן לו בעדים תיובתא דשמואל

HE SAID TO HIM: 'DO NOT GIVE THEM TO ME EXCEPT BEFORE WITNESSES'; ON THE MORROW HE SAID TO HIM: 'GIVE THEM TO ME'; [AND THE OTHER REPLIED:] 'I HAVE GIVEN THEM TO YOU,' HE IS LIABLE, BECAUSE HE MUST GIVE THEM TO HIM BEFORE WITNESSES. This is a refutation of Samuel!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For Samuel says the borrower may always contend that he did repay him before witnesses, but they have since gone abroad.');">⁵</span>

אמר לך שמואל תנאי היא דתניא בעדים הלויתיך בעדים פרע לי או יתן או יביא ראיה שנתן רבי יהודה בן בתירא אומר יכול לומר לו פרעתיך בפני פלוני ופלוני והלכו להם למדינת הים

- Samuel may say to you: This is a question upon which Tannaim disagree;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And I have a Tanna who agrees with me.');">⁶</span> for it was taught: [If a man said to his fellow] 'I lent you before witnesses; pay me before witnesses'; he must either pay, or bring proof that he has paid.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The debtor cannot free himself by saying he has paid, but that the witnesses have gone abroad.');">⁷</span>

פריך רב אחא ממאי דבשעת הלואה קאי דלמא בשעת תביעה קאי והכי קאמר ליה לאו בעדים הלויתיך בעדים היה לך לפורעני אבל בשעת הלואה דברי הכל חייב

R'Judah B'Bathyra said: He may say to him: 'I paid you before So-and-so and So-and-so, and they went to a country beyond the seas.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And Samuel agrees with R. Judah b. Bathyra.');">⁸</span> R'Aha<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [MS.M.: 'Ahai' i.e. the Saborean; v. Brull, Jahrb. II, p. 28.]');">⁹</span>

אמר רב פפי משמיה דרבא הלכתא המלוה את חבירו בעדים צריך לפורעו בעדים ורב פפא משמיה דרבא אמר המלוה את חבירו בעדים אין צריך לפורעו בעדים ואם אמר אל תפרעני אלא בעדים צריך לפורעו בעדים ואם אמר לו פרעתיך בפני פלוני ופלוני והלכו להם למדינת הים נאמן:

asked: How do we know that this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The lender's statement: 'I lent you before witnesses; pay me before witnesses.'');">¹⁰</span> refers to the time of the loan, perhaps it refers to the time o the claim?

סימן ראוב"ן ושמעו"ן דתנ"ו הלכת"א יזפ"י ופר"ע פלוני ופלוני עפצ"י סטרא"י בהימנות"א כבי תרי:

And thus he says to him: 'Did I not lend you before witnesses? You should have repaid me before witnesses!' But at the time of the loan, all hold that he is liable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the lender definitely stipulated at the time of the loan that he must repay him before witnesses, even R. Judah b. Bathyra will agree that be cannot free himself by saying the witnesses have gone abroad. Hence Samuel has no Tanna to support him, whilst our Mishnah is clearly in refutation of him.');">¹¹</span>

ההוא דא"ל לחבריה כי פרעתין פרעין לי באפי ראובן ושמעון אזל ופרעיה באפי תרי מעלמא אמר אביי באפי בי תרי אמר ליה באפי בי תרי פרעיה אמר ליה רבא להכי קאמר ליה באפי ראובן ושמעון כי היכי דלא נדחייה

R'Papi said in the name of Raba: The law is: If one lends his neighbour before witnesses, he must repay him before witnesses. But R'Papa said in the name of Raba: If one lends his neighbour before witnesses he need not repay him before witnesses; but if he said to him: 'Do not repay me except before witnesses,' he must repay him before witnesses; and if he says to him: 'I repaid you before So-and-so and So-and-so, and they went to a country beyond the seas,' he is believed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reading in text alternates between 'he is believed' and 'he is not believed,' v. Maim. Yad, Malweh XV, 2.');">¹²</span>

ההוא דאמר ליה לחבריה כי פרעת לי פרעין לי באפי בי תרי דתנו הלכתא אזל פרעיה בין דיליה לדיליה איתניסו הנך זוזי

<br>(Mnemonic:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Made up of catchwords as aids to memorise discussions that follow.');">¹³</span> Reuben and Simeon, who studied the law, they lent and paid (before) So-and-so and So-and-so, gallnuts, different claims, being believed as two.)

אתא לקמיה דרב נחמן א"ל אין קבולי קבלתינהו מיניה דרך פקדון ואמינא ליהוי גבאי פקדון עד דמתרמו בי תרי דתנו הלכתא ומקיים תנאיה

There was a certain [man] who said to his neighbour: 'When you repay me, repay me before Reuben and Simeon'; but he went and repaid him before two others.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he said he repaid him before two other witnesses, but they went abroad (v. Tosaf.) .');">¹⁴</span> Abaye said: He told him to repay him before two witnesses, and [he said] he repaid him before two witnesses.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Therefore he is believed.');">¹⁵</span>

א"ל כיון דקא מודית דודאי שקלתינהו מיניה פרעון מעליא הוי אי אמרת לקיומי תנאיה זיל אייתינהו דהא אנא ורב ששת דתנינא הלכתא וספרא וספרי ותוספתא וכולא גמרא

Said Raba to him: For this reason he said to him: Before Reuben and Simeon, so that he should not be able to put him off.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The lender specifically named the two witnesses so that the borrower might not put him off by saying he had repaid him before two other witnesses who went abroad and are not available. It is therefore no excuse, and he must pay.');">¹⁶</span> There was a certain [man] who said to his neighbour: 'When you repay me, repay me before two who have studied laws.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., learned men.');">¹⁷</span>

ההוא דאמר ליה לחבריה הב לי מאה זוזי דאוזיפתך אמר ליה לא היו דברים מעולם אזל אייתי סהדי דאוזפיה ופרעיה אמר אביי מאי ניעבוד אינהו אמרי אוזפיה אינהו אמרי פרעיה רבא אמר כל האומר לא לויתי כאומר לא פרעתי דמי

He went and repaid him privately.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without witnesses.');">¹⁸</span> The money was lost.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After being received by the lender.');">¹⁹</span>

ההוא דאמר ליה לחבריה הב לי מאה זוזי דמסיקנא בך א"ל לא פרעתיך בפני פלוני ופלוני אתו פלוני ופלוני אמרי לא היו דברים מעולם סבר רב ששת למימר הוחזק כפרן אמר ליה רבא כל מילתא דלא רמיא עליה דאינש לאו אדעתיה

The lender came to R'Nahman and said, 'Yes, I received it from him, but only as a deposit,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not as repayment, because I particularly wanted my condition to be fulfilled, that it should be repaid before two learned witnesses; and now that the money is lost, he must still repay the loan, because I was only a gratuitous bailee not responsible for loss.');">²⁰</span> and I said, Let it remain with me as a deposit until we obtain two witnesses who have studied laws, so that the condition may be fulfilled.'

ההוא דאמר ליה לחבריה הב לי שית מאה זוזי דמסיקנא בך א"ל ולא פרעתיך מאה קבי

Said [R'Nahman] to him: 'Since you admit that you definitely received the money from him, it is a proper repayment; if you desire the condition to be fulfilled, go and bring the money [here], for here am I and R'Shesheth who have studied the laws, Sifra, Sifre, Tosefta,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On these terms, v. Sanh. (Sonc. ed.) p. 567, n. 1.');">²¹</span> and the whole<big><b>GEMARA:</b></big> '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it is no excuse to say, because the money is now lost, that you accepted it as a deposit and not as repayment of the loan. [MS.M. reads 'Talmud' for 'Gemara' in curr. ed. On these terms, v. B.M. (Sonc. ed.) p. 206, n. 6.]');">²²</span> There was a certain [man] who said to his neighbour: 'Give me the hundred zuz that l lent you.' The other said to him: 'The thing never happened.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I did not borrow from you.');">²³</span> He went and brought witnesses that he lent him, but [they also said] he repaid him. Abaye said: What shall we do? They say he lent him, and they themselves say he repaid him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Therefore he is exempt.');">²⁴</span> Raba said: If he says, 'I did not borrow,' it is as if he said, 'I did not repay.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For if he did not borrow he certainly did not repay. Witnesses testify that he did borrow, and they are believed; but they are not believed when they say he repaid, for he himself admits that he did not repay; therefore he must pay.');">²⁵</span> There was a certain [man] who said to his neighbour: 'Give me the hundred zuz that I claim from you.' He replied to him: 'Did I not repay you before So-and-so and So-and-so? ' [Thereupon] So-and-so and So-and-so came and said: 'The thing never happened.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He did not repay before us.');">²⁶</span> R'Shesheth thought of saying that he was therefore proven a liar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And is not believed even on oath to say that he repaid the loan though not before those two witnesses; for he has already been proved guilty of a lie.');">²⁷</span> Said Raba to him: Anything which does not rest upon a man he will do unconsciously.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It was not incumbent upon him to remember whether he paid before witnesses or not, for the lender had not stipulated that he must repay him before witnesses; when, therefore, he said he had repaid before witnesses, his memory was at fault, but he is not thereby accounted a liar, and may take an oath that he has repaid the loan.');">²⁸</span> There was a certain [man] who said to his neighbour: 'Give me the six hundred zuz that I claim from you.' The other replied to him: 'Did I not repay you a hundred kabs