Sotah 12

Chapter 12

א האומרת טמאה אני ושבאו לה עדים שהיא טמאה
1 She who says: 'I am unclean'; and when witnesses came [and testified] that she had misconducted herself.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Quoted from infra p. 144. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב דאתו עדים אימת אילימא מקמי דתקדוש תיפוק לחולין
2 When did the witnesses come? If I say that they came before the offering was hallowed,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the priest placing the flour in one of the ministering vessels. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג אלא לבתר דקדוש אי אמרת בשלמא מים בודקין אותה אלמא בת מקדש ומקרב היא וכי קדוש מעיקרא שפיר קדוש ומשום הכי מנחתה נשרפת
3 then it can become non-holy?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By being redeemed; so why does the Mishnah say it is destroyed? ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ד אלא אי אמרת אין המים בודקין אותה תיגלי מילתא למפרע דכי קדוש מעיקרא בטעות קדוש ותיפוק לחולין
4 Consequently they could only have come after it had been hallowed. This is quite right if you say that the water proves her;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And she drank the water before witnesses testified. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ה אמר רב יהודה מדיסקרתא כגון שזינתה בעזרה דכי קדוש מעיקרא שפיר קדוש
5 consequently she is qualified to have [the flour] hallowed and offered on her behalf, and since it was hallowed from the commencement, it is certainly holy<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even after the witnesses gave evidence. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ו מתקיף לה רב משרשיא והלא פירחי כהונה מלוין אותה שזינתה מפירחי כהונה עצמן
6 and for that reason her meal-offering is destroyed. But if you say that the water does not prove her, it becomes evident retrospectively that the hallowing was from the commencement in error,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since witnesses proved her guilty and the ordeal was unnecessary. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ז רב אשי אמר כגון שנצרכה לנקביה דאטו פירחי כהונה בכיפה תלי לה
7 and therefore [the flour] becomes non-holy!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And does not even have to be redeemed since the hallowing was based on an error. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ח רב פפא אמר לעולם כדאמרינן מעיקרא ודקאמרת תיפוק לחולין מדרבנן גזירה שמא יאמרו מוציאין מכלי שרת לחול
8 — Rab Judah of Diskarta<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Deskarah, 16 miles N.E. of Bagdad; Obermeyer, Die Landschaft Babylonian, p. 116.] ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ט מתיב רב מרי נטמאת מנחתה עד שלא קדשה בכלי הרי היא ככל המנחות ותפדה משקדשה בכלי הרי היא ככל המנחות ותשרף
9 said: Suppose that [after the hallowing] she committed adultery within the Temple-precincts,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And witnesses came to testify concerning this act of infidelity. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
י קדש הקומץ ולא הספיק להקריבו עד שמת הוא או עד שמתה היא הרי היא ככל המנחות ותשרף
10 since it was hallowed from the commencement, it is certainly holy! R. Mesharsheya objected: But do not the priestly novitiates accompany her?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that adultery could not occur there. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יא קרב הקומץ ולא הספיק לאכול שירים עד שמת הוא או עד שמתה היא הרי היא ככל המנחות ותאכל שעל הספק באת מתחילה כיפרה ספיקה והלכה לה
11 — Rab Judah [meant,] She committed adultery with one of these novitiates. R. Ashi<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who rejects the thought that she could be guilty with one of the novitiates. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
יב באו לה עדים שהיא טמאה מנחתה נשרפת נמצאו עדיה זוממין מנחתה חולין
12 said: Suppose it was necessary for her to relieve herself, do you think that the priestly novitiates hang on to her headgear!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When she retired to relieve herself. Consequently she could have the opportunity with another than the novitiates. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יג עדים זוממין קאמרת עדים זוממין קלא אית להו
13 R. Papa said: The matter is certainly as we originally explained;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the witnesses came concerning the first act of infidelity. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
יד תניא כוותיה דרב ששת ולאו מטעמיה
14 and when you argue, [The offering] becomes non-holy, [the answer is that the rule by which the offering is destroyed] is a decree of the Rabbis lest it should be said, we may take [the flour] out of the ministering vessel for secular use.
טו טהורה ולא שיש לה עדים במדינת הים
15 R. Mari raised an objection: If her offering became ritually defiled before it became hallowed in the vessel, behold it is like all meal-offerings<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which became defiled before being hallowed. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
טז וטהורה ולא שתלתה לה זכות
16 and is redeemed; but if [it became defiled] after it had been hallowed in the vessel, behold it is like all meal-offerings [in such a circumstance] and is destroyed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mishnah, p. 114. What follows is cited in the main from Tosefta Sotah II. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יז היא ולא שישאו ויתנו בה מוזרות בלבנה
17 If the handful of flour<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. V, 26. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יח ורבי שמעון נהי דוי"ו לא דריש והא איכא
18 was hallowed but there was not sufficient time to offer it before [the husband] died<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the event of the husband's death she does not drink the water. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> or she died, behold it is like all the meal-offerings and must be destroyed. If the handful had been offered but there was not sufficient time [for the priest] to eat the remainder<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the flour which is not burnt upon the altar and is the priest's perquisite. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> before [the husband] died or she died, behold it is like all the meal-offerings and is eaten; because it was brought from the commencement in connection with a matter of doubt,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The woman's chastity. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> it atoned for the doubt which is now ended. If witnesses came [and testified] against her that she had misconducted herself, her meal-offering is destroyed; should the witnesses against her be proved to be perjurers,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Zomemim v. Glos. Before the meal-offering was burnt upon the altar. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> her meal-offering is non-holy?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though it has been placed in the vessel; and we do not say, as above, that by a Rabbinic decree, it must be destroyed. This contradicts the view given by R. Papa. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> — You mention perjured witnesses; the fact that they were perjured witnesses is generally known.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that it will be recognised that the offering was never holy. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> There is a teaching in accord with the view of R. Shesheth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., that the water does not take effect when there are absent witnesses. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> but not for the same reason as his,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is based on the phrase 'No witness against her' (v. supra p. 24). The teaching finds another derivation in support. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> viz., If she be clean<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. V, 28. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> — [this indicates] there are no witnesses against her in a far-distant land;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The verse is thus explained; if she be really pure and did not escape the effect of the water through the witnesses being far away, then she will conceive. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> 'and if she be clean' — [the addition of and indicates] it is not merit that causes the water to suspend its effect; ['and if] she [be clean'] — [meaning that she has escaped the effect of the water because she is in fact clean] and not because women who spin by moonlight were discussing her.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Women gather together in the moonlight to spin and gossip. To be talked about by them was a sufficient disgrace to suspend the effect of the water. ');"><sup>27</sup></span> Now as for R. Simeon,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who holds that merit does not suspend the effect of the water. ');"><sup>28</sup></span> agreed that he does not expound the conjunction <i>and</i>;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To derive from it a Scriptural basis for his view. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> still there is the case