Sotah 19

Chapter 19

א הוחל שבועתו של אבימלך דכתיב (בראשית כא, כג) אם תשקר לי ולניני ולנכדי
1 The oath of Abimelech became void, as it is written: That thou wilt not deal falsely with me, nor with my son, nor with my son's son.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XXI, 23. The alliance between the Israelites and Philistines ended in the time of Samson. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> And the child grew, and the Lord blessed him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Judg. XIII, 24. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב (שופטים יג, כד) ויגדל הנער ויברכהו ה' במה ברכו אמר רב יהודה אמר רב שברכו באמתו אמתו כבני אדם וזרעו כנחל שוטף
2 Wherewith did He bless him? — Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: With his physique which was like that of other men but his manly strength was like a fast-flowing stream.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The point underlying this piece of Rabbinic hyperbole is that it was through Samson's inordinate passion for Philistine women that he came in contact with their people and brought about Israel's release from their power. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> And Samson called unto the Lord, and said: O Lord God, remember me, I pray Thee and strengthen me, I pray Thee, that I may be at once avenged of the Philistines for my two eyes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XVI, 28. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ג (שופטים טז, כח) ויקרא שמשון אל ה' ויאמר ה' אלהים זכרני נא וחזקני נא אך הפעם הזה ואנקמה נקם אחת משתי עיני מפלשתים אמר רב אמר שמשון לפני הקב"ה רבש"ע זכור לי עשרים (ושתים) שנה ששפטתי את ישראל ולא אמרתי לאחד מהם העבר לי מקל ממקום למקום
3 Rab said: Samson spoke before the Holy One, blessed be He, Sovereign of the Universe, Remember on my behalf the twenty<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Some edd. read 'twenty-two' in error; v. ibid. 31. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> years I judged Israel, and never did I order anyone to carry my staff from one place to another.
ד (שופטים טו, ד) וילך שמשון וילכד שלש מאות שועלים מאי שנא שועלים אמר רבי איבו בר נגדי א"ר חייא בר אבא אמר שמשון יבא מי שחוזר לאחוריו ויפרע מפלשתים שחזרו בשבועתן
4 And Samson went and caught three hundred foxes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Judg. XV, 4. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> Why just foxes? — R. Aibu b. Nagari said in the name of R. Hiyya b. Abba: Samson declared: Let [the animal] come which turns backward<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When a fox is hunted, it does not run ahead but in a roundabout course. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ה תניא א"ר שמעון החסיד בין כתיפיו של שמשון ששים אמה היה שנאמר (שופטים טז, ג) וישכב שמשון עד חצי הלילה ויקם בחצי הלילה ויאחז בדלתות שער העיר ובשתי המזוזות ויסעם עם הבריח וישם על כתיפיו וגמירי דאין דלתות עזה פחותות מששים אמה
5 and exact punishment of the Philistines who went back on their oath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between Isaac and Abimelech; v. supra. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> It has been taught: R. Simeon the Pious said: The width between Samson's shoulders was sixty cubits, as it is said: And Samson lay till midnight, and arose at midnight and laid hold of the doors of the gate of the city, and the two posts, and plucked them up, bar and all, and put them upon his shoulders;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XVI, 3. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ו (שופטים טז, כא) ויהי טוחן בבית האסורים א"ר יוחנן אין טחינה אלא לשון עבירה וכן הוא אומר (איוב לא, י) תטחן לאחר אשתי מלמד שכל אחד ואחד הביא לו את אשתו לבית האסורים כדי שתתעבר הימנו אמר רב פפא היינו דאמרי אינשי קמי דשתי חמרא חמרא קמי רפוקא גרידיא דובלא
6 and there is a tradition that the gates of Gaza were not less than sixty cubits [in width]. And he did grind in the prison house.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 21. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> R. Johanan said: 'Grind' means nothing else than [sexual] transgression; and thus it is stated: Then let my wife grind unto another.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job XXXI, 10. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ז וא"ר יוחנן כל המזנה אשתו מזננת עליו שנאמר (איוב לא, ט) אם נפתה לבי על אשה ועל פתח רעי ארבתי וכתיב תטחן לאחר אשתי ועליה יכרעון אחרין והיינו דאמרי אינשי איהו בי קארי ואיתתיה בי בוציני
7 It teaches that everyone brought his wife to him to the prison that she might bear a child by him [who would be as strong as he was]. R. Papa said: That is what the proverb tells, 'Before the wine-drinker [set] wine, before a ploughman a basket of roots.' R. Johanan also said: Whoever is faithless, his wife is faithless to him; as it is said: If mine heart have been enticed unto a woman, and I have laid wait at my neighbour's door<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 9. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ח וא"ר יוחנן שמשון דן את ישראל כאביהם שבשמים שנאמר (בראשית מט, טז) דן ידין עמו כאחד וגו' וא"ר יוחנן שמשון על שמו של הקב"ה נקרא שנאמר (תהלים פד, יב) כי שמש ומגן ה' אלהים וגו' אלא מעתה לא ימחה אלא מעין שמו של הקב"ה מה הקב"ה מגין על כל העולם כולו אף שמשון מגין בדורו על ישראל
8 and it continues, Then let my wife grind unto another, and let others bow down upon her. That is what the proverb tells, 'He among the full-grown pumpkins and his wife among the young ones'. R. Johanan also said: Samson judged Israel in the same manner as their Father in heaven; as it is said: Dan shall judge his people as One.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XLIX, 16, the One being God. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ט וא"ר יוחנן בלעם חיגר ברגלו אחת היה שנאמר (במדבר כג, ג) וילך שפי שמשון חיגר בשתי רגליו היה שנאמר (בראשית מט, יז) שפיפן עלי ארח
9 R. Johanan also said: Samson was called by the name of the Holy One, blessed be He; as it is said: For the Lord God is a sun and a shield.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. LXXXIV, 12, E.V. 11. The word for sun is shemesh which is the basis of Samson's name, Shimshon. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> According to this argument, [his name] may not be erased!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As it is forbidden to erase the Divine Name. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
י ת"ר חמשה נבראו מעין דוגמא של מעלה וכולן לקו בהן שמשון בכחו שאול בצוארו אבשלום בשערו צדקיה בעיניו אסא ברגליו
10 — The intention is that [his name] was typical of the name of the Holy One, blessed be He;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The word sun is not God's Name but a simile. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> as the Holy One, blessed be He, shields the whole world, so Samson shielded Israel during his generation.
יא שמשון בכחו דכתיב (שופטים טז, יט) ויסר כחו מעליו
11 R. Johanan also said: Balaam was lame in one leg, as it is said: And he went shefi;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXIII, 3. (E.V. 'To a bare height'). The Hebrew word is explained as 'lame'. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> Samson was lame in both legs, as it is said: An adder in the path.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XLIX, 17. The word for adder is shefifon which looks like a duplicated form of shefi from the root [H], 'to dislocate'. ');"><sup>18</sup></span>
יב שאול בצוארו דכתיב (שמואל א לא, ד) ויקח שאול את החרב ויפל עליה
12 Our Rabbis have taught: Five were created after the likeness of Him Who is above, and all of them incurred punishment on account of [the feature which distinguished] them: Samson in his strength, Saul in his neck,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. I Sam. X, 23. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> Absalom in his hair,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. II Sam. XIV, 26. There is no Biblical reference in connection with Zedekiah and Asa. ');"><sup>20</sup></span>
יג אבשלום בשערו כדבעינן למימר קמן צדקיה בעיניו דכתיב (מלכים ב כה, ז) ואת עיני צדקיהו עור
13 Zedekiah in his eyes, and Asa in his feet. 'Samson [was punished] in his strength', as it is written: And his strength went from him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Judg. XVI, 19. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> 'Saul [was punished] in his neck', as it is written: Saul took his sword and fell upon it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Sam. XXXI, 4. The sword passed through his neck. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>
יד אסא ברגליו דכתיב (מלכים א טו, כג) רק לעת זקנתו חלה את רגליו ואמר רב יהודה אמר רב שאחזתו פדגרא א"ל מר זוטרא בריה דרב נחמן לרב נחמן היכי דמי פדגרא א"ל כמחט בבשר החי מנא ידע איכא דאמרי מיחש הוה חש ביה ואיכא דאמרי מרביה שמע ליה וא"ד (תהלים כה, יד) סוד ה' ליראיו ובריתו להודיעם
14 'Absalom [was punished] in his hair', as we shall have occasion to explain later. Zedekiah [was punished] in his eyes, as it is written: They put out the eyes of Zedekiah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' II Kings XXV, 7. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> Asa [was punished] in his feet, as it is written: But in the time of his old age he was diseased in his feet;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Kings XV, 23. ');"><sup>24</sup></span>
טו דרש רבא מפני מה נענש אסא מפני שעשה אנגריא בתלמידי חכמים שנאמר (מלכים א טו, כב) והמלך אסא השמיע את כל יהודה אין נקי מאי אין נקי אמר רב יהודה אמר רב אפילו חתן מחדרו וכלה מחופתה
15 and Rab Judah said in the name of Rab, Podagra [gout] attacked him. Mar Zutra, son of R. Nahman, asked R. Nahman, What is Podagra like? — He answered: Like a needle in living flesh. How did he know this? — Some say he suffered from it himself; others say that he heard it from his teacher;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His teacher was a Rabbi named Samuel who was a physician. ');"><sup>25</sup></span>
טז כתיב (שופטים יד, א) וירד שמשון תמנתה וכתיב (בראשית לח, יג) הנה חמיך עולה תמנתה א"ר אלעזר שמשון שנתגנה בה כתיב ביה ירידה יהודה שנתעלה בה כתיב ביה עליה
16 and others declare, The secret of the Lord is with them that fear Him, and He will shew them His covenant.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. XXV, 14. The information was revealed to him by God. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> Raba expounded: Why was Asa punished? Because he imposed forced labour<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the public service. ');"><sup>27</sup></span>
יז ר' שמואל בר נחמני אמר שתי תמנאות היו חדא בירידה וחדא בעליה
17 upon the disciples of the Sages, as it is said: Then King Asa made a proclamation unto all Judah; none was exempted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Kings XV, 22. ');"><sup>28</sup></span> What means 'none was exempted'? — Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: Even the bridegroom from his chamber and the bride from her canopy.
יח רב פפא אמר חדא תמנה הואי דאתי מהאי גיסא ירידה ודאתי מהאי גיסא עליה כגון ורדוניא ובי בארי ושוקא דנרש
18 It is written: And Samson went down to Timnah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Judg. XIV. I. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> and it is written: Behold, thy father-in-law goeth up to Timnah!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XXXVIII, 13. Why does one text say 'down' and the other 'goeth up'? ');"><sup>30</sup></span>
יט (בראשית לח, יד) ותשב בפתח עינים א"ר אלכסנדרי מלמד שהלכה וישבה לה בפתחו של אברהם אבינו מקום שכל עינים צופות לראותו ר' חנין א"ר מקום הוא ששמו עינים וכן הוא אומר (יהושע טו, לד) תפוח והעינם
19 R. Eleazar said: Since in the case of Samson he was disgraced there, it is written in connection with it 'went down;' but in the case of Judah, since he was exalted in it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Perez was born there from whom David was descended. ');"><sup>31</sup></span> there is written in connection with it 'goeth up'. R. Samuel b. Nahmani said: There are two places named Timnah; one [was reached] by going down and the other by going up. R. Papa said: There is only one place named Timnah; who came to it from one direction had to descend and from another direction had to ascend, as, e.g., Wardina, Be Bari and the market-place of Neresh.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Towns in Babylonia situated on mountain slopes on the east bank of the Euphrates, v. Obermeyer, op. cit., p. 309. ');"><sup>32</sup></span>
כ ר' שמואל בר נחמני אמר שנתנה עינים לדבריה כשתבעה אמר לה שמא נכרית את אמרה ליה גיורת אני שמא אשת איש את אמרה ליה פנויה אני שמא קיבל בך אביך קידושין אמרה ליה יתומה אני שמא טמאה את אמרה ליה טהורה אני
20 She sat in the gate of Enaim.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XXXVIII. 14. ');"><sup>33</sup></span> R. Alexander said: It teaches that she [Tamar] went and sat at the entrance [of the hospice] of our father Abraham, to see which place all eyes ['enaim] look. R. Hanin said in the name of Rab: It is a place named Enaim, as it states: Tappuah and Enam.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Josh. XV, 34. Enam is identified with Enaim. ');"><sup>34</sup></span>
כא (בראשית כא, לג) ויטע אשל בבאר שבע אמר ריש לקיש מלמד שעשה פרדס ונטע בו כל מיני מגדים
21 R. Samuel b. Nahmani said: [It is so called] because she gave eyes to her words.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tamar gave convincing replies to Judah's questions as to whether she was permitted to him. ');"><sup>35</sup></span> When [Judah] solicited her, he asked her, 'Art thou perhaps a Gentile?' She replied: 'I am a proselyte'. 'Art thou perhaps a married woman?' She replied: 'I am unmarried'. 'Perhaps thy father has accepted on thy behalf betrothals?'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [And thou thus belongest to another man.] ');"><sup>36</sup></span>
כב רבי יהודה ורבי נחמיה חד אמר פרדס וחד אמר פונדק בשלמא למ"ד פרדס היינו דכתיב ויטע אלא למ"ד פונדק מאי ויטע כדכתיב (דניאל יא, מה) ויטע אהלי אפדנו וגו'
22 She replied: 'I am an orphan'. 'Perhaps thou art unclean?' She replied: 'I am clean'. And he planted a tamarisk tree in Beer-sheba.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XXI, 33. The explanation 'hospice' is obtained by taking each letter of the word [H] 'tamarisk-tree', and making them the initials of three Hebrew words meaning 'eating, drinking, lodging'. ');"><sup>37</sup></span>
כג ויקרא שם בשם ה' אל עולם אמר ריש לקיש אל תיקרי ויקרא
23 Resh Lakish said: It teaches that he [Abraham] made an orchard and planted in it all kinds of choice fruits. R. Judah and R. Nehemiah [differ in this matter]; one said that it was an orchard and the other that it was a hospice. It is right according to him who said that it was an orchard, since it is written 'and he planted'; but according to him who said that it was a hospice, what means 'and he planted?' — It is similarly written: And he shall plant the tents of his palace, etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dan. XI, 45. ');"><sup>38</sup></span> And he called there on the name of the Lord, the Everlasting God.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. l.c. ');"><sup>39</sup></span> Resh Lakish said: Read not 'and he called'