Sotah 70
(שמואל ב ו, יג) ויהי כי צעדו נושאי ארון ה' ששה צעדים ויזבח שור ומריא וכתיב (דברי הימים א טו, כו) שבעה פרים ושבעה אילים אמר רב פפא בר שמואל על כל פסיעה ופסיעה שור ומריא על כל שש ושש פסיעות שבעה פרים ושבעה אילים
Even He smote of the people seventy men and fifty thousand men.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Sam. VI, 19. [In M.T. the particle [H] ('and') is missing.] ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
אמר ליה רב חסדא אם כן מילאת את כל ארץ ישראל במות אלא אמר רב חסדא על כל שש ושש פסיעות שור ומריא על כל ששה סדרים של שש פסיעות שבעה פרים ושבעה אילים
R. Abbahu and R. Eleazar [differ in their interpretation]; one said that there were only seventy men [smitten] each of whom was the equal of fifty thousand men, while the other said that there were fifty thousand men [smitten] each of whom was equal to the seventy who constituted the Sanhedrin.
כתיב (דברי הימים א יג, ט) כידון וכתיב (שמואל ב ו, ו) נכון אמר רבי יוחנן בתחלה כידון ולבסוף נכון
And it was so, that when they that bore the ark of the Lord had gone six paces, he sacrificed an ox and a fatling,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' II Sam. VI, 13. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
נמצאת אתה אומר שלשה מיני אבנים היו אחד שהקים משה בארץ מואב שנאמר (דברים א, ה) בעבר הירדן בארץ מואב הואיל משה באר וגו' ולהלן הוא אומר (דברים כז, ג) וכתבת עליהן את כל דברי התורה הזאת וגו' ואתיא באר באר
and it is also written, [They sacrificed] seven bullocks and seven rams!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Chron. XV, 26. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ואחד שהקים יהושע בתוך הירדן שנאמר (יהושע ד, ט) ושתים עשרה אבנים הקים יהושע בתוך הירדן ואחד שהקים בגלגל שנאמר (יהושע ד, כ) ואת שתים עשרה האבנים האלה אשר לקחו וגו'
— R. Papa said in the name of Samuel: [The two passages are reconciled by supposing that] at each pace an ox and a fatling [were offered] and at each six paces seven bullocks and seven rams. R. Hisda said to him, On your theory you filled the whole of the land of Israel with high places! But, said R. Hisda, at each six paces an ox and a fatling [were offered] and at each six sets of six paces seven bullocks and seven rams.
ת"ר כיצד כתבו ישראל את התורה רבי יהודה אומר על גבי אבנים כתבוה שנאמר (דברים כז, ח) וכתבת על האבנים את כל דברי התורה הזאת וגו' ואחר כך סדו אותן בסיד
[In one place the name of the threshing-floor] is written Chidon [and in another] Nacon!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. II Sam. VI, 6 with I Chron. XIII, 9. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
אמר לו רבי שמעון לדבריך היאך למדו אומות של אותו הזמן תורה אמר לו בינה יתירה נתן בהם הקב"ה ושיגרו נוטירין שלהן וקילפו את הסיד והשיאוה ועל דבר זה נתחתם גזר דינם לבאר שחת שהיה להן ללמד ולא למדו
— R. Johanan said: At first [it was called] Chidon and afterwards Nacon.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Chidon means 'a spear', an appropriate name for the place where Uzzah lost his life; Nacon means 'established', and alludes to the fact that the ark was established there. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ר' שמעון אומר על גבי סיד כתבוה וכתבו להן למטה (דברים כ, יח) למען אשר לא ילמדו אתכם לעשות ככל וגו' הא למדת שאם היו חוזרין בתשובה היו מקבלין אותן
In consequence [of what is related in the Scriptures], you must conclude that there were three sets of stones: one which Moses caused to be erected in the land of Moab, as it is said: Beyond Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses to declare etc.,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. I, 5. The Hebrew for 'declare' is be'er. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
אמר רבא בר שילא מ"ט דרבי שמעון דכתיב (ישעיהו לג, יב) והיו עמים משרפות סיד על עסקי סיד
and elsewhere it states: Thou shalt write upon the stones all the words of this law [very plainly],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XXVII, 8. The Hebrew for 'plainly' is ba'er. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ור' יהודה כי סיד מה סיד אין לו תקנה אלא שריפה אף אותם הכותים אין להם תקנה אלא שריפה
and the inference is drawn from the use of the analogous word [that as in the latter passage stones were employed, they were similarly employed in connection with what is narrated in the first passage]. The second set was that which Joshua caused to be erected in the midst of the Jordan, as it is said: And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of Jordan.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Josh. IV, 9. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
כמאן אזלא הא דתניא (דברים כא, י) ושבית שביו לרבות כנענים שבחוצה לארץ שאם חוזרין בתשובה מקבלין אותן
The third set was that which he caused to be erected in Gilgal, as it is said: And those twelve stones which they took.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Josh. IV, 20. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> Our Rabbis taught: How did the Israelites inscribe the Torah? — R. Judah says: They inscribed it upon the stones, as it is stated: 'Thou shalt write upon the stones all the words of this law etc.' After that they plastered them over with plaster. R. Simeon said to him, According to your explanation, how did the nations of that period learn the Torah!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the inscription was covered with plaster. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> — He replied to him, The Holy One, blessed be He, endowed them with exceptional intelligence; and they sent their scribes who peeled off the plaster and carried away [a copy of the inscription]. On that account was the verdict sealed against them [to descend] to the pit of destruction, because it was their duty to learn [Torah] but they failed to do so. R. Simeon says: They inscribed it upon the plaster and wrote below, That they teach you not to do after all [their abominations].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XX, 18. The command to destroy was limited to those of the seven nations who resided in Canaan. Those of them who lived outside its borders could survive by giving up their abominable practices. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> Hence you learn that if they turn in penitence they would be accepted. Raba b. Shila said: What is R. Simeon's reason? — Because it is written: And the peoples shall be as the burnings of lime<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XXXIII, 12. The word for 'lime' is the same as for plaster. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> — i.e., on account of the matter of the plaster.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The nations will be destroyed because they neglected to pay heed to the teachings inserted on the plaster. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> And [how does] R. Judah [explain this verse]? — [Their destruction will be] like plaster — as there is no other remedy for plaster except burning, so there is no other remedy for those nations [who cleave to the abominations] except burning. According to whom [is the following teaching] which has been taught: And thou carriest them away captive<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXI, 10. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> — this is to include Canaanites who reside outside the land [of Israel] so if they turn in penitence they will be accepted.