Sotah 75

Chapter 75

א ככתבו ובמדינה בכינויו במדינה כהנים נושאים את ידיהן כנגד כתפיהן ובמקדש על גבי ראשיהן חוץ מכהן גדול שאינו מגביה את ידיו למעלה מן הציץ ר' יהודה אומר אף כהן גדול מגביה ידיו למעלה מן הציץ שנאמר (ויקרא ט, כב) וישא אהרן את ידיו אל העם ויברכם
1 AS WRITTEN,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Tetragrammaton YHWH. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> BUT IN THE PROVINCE IN ITS SUBSTITUTED NAME.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., Adonai. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנו רבנן (במדבר ו, כג) כה תברכו בלשון הקודש אתה אומר בלשון הקודש או אינו אלא בכל לשון נאמר כאן כה תברכו ונאמר להלן (דברים כז, יב) אלה יעמדו לברך את העם מה להלן בלשון הקודש אף כאן בלשון הקודש
2 IN THE PROVINCE THE PRIESTS RAISE THEIR HANDS IN A LINE WITH THEIR SHOULDERS, BUT IN THE TEMPLE ABOVE THEIR HEADS, EXCEPT THE HIGH PRIEST WHO DOES NOT RAISE HIS HANDS HIGHER THAN THE PLATE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Worn on the forehead (Ex. XXVIII, 36). ');"><sup>3</sup></span> R. JUDAH SAYS: ALSO THE HIGH PRIEST RAISES HIS HANDS HIGHER THAN THE PLATE, AS IT IS SAID, AND AARON LIFTED UP HIS HANDS TOWARD THE PEOPLE AND BLESSED THEM.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. IX, 22. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ג רבי יהודה אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר כה עד שיאמרו בלשון הזה
3 <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Our Rabbis taught: On this wise ye shall bless<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. VI. 23. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> — i.e., in the holy tongue. You say that it means in the holy tongue; but perhaps it is not so and it means in any language! It is stated here, 'On this wise ye shall bless,' and elsewhere it is stated: These shall stand to bless the people,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXVII, 12. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ד תניא אידך כה תברכו בעמידה אתה אומר בעמידה או אינו אלא אפי' בישיבה נאמר כאן כה תברכו ונאמר להלן אלה יעמדו לברך מה להלן בעמידה אף כאן בעמידה
4 as in this latter passage it was in the holy tongue, so also in the former it was in the holy tongue. R. Judah says: [This deduction] is unnecessary, because it states 'on this wise' [which signifies] that they must pronounce it in this language [as written in Scripture].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 33b, p. 164. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> Another [Baraitha] taught: 'On this wise ye shall bless' — i.e., standing. You say that it means standing; but perhaps that is not so and [the benediction may be pronounced] even sitting! It is stated here, 'On this wise ye shall bless,' and elsewhere it is stated: 'These shall stand to bless' — as here it was standing so in the former passage it was standing. R. Nathan says: [This deduction] is unnecessary; behold it states: To minister unto Him and to bless in His name<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. X, 8. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ה ר' נתן אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר (דברים י, ח) לשרתו ולברך בשמו מה משרת בעמידה אף מברך בעמידה ומשרת גופיה מנלן דכתיב (דברים יח, ה) לעמוד לשרת
5 — as [the priest] ministers standing so he blesses standing. Whence is it that the ministering itself [was performed standing]? Because it is written: To stand to minister.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XVIII, 5. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> Another [Baraitha] taught: 'On this wise ye shall bless' — i.e., with raising of the hands. You say that it means with raising of the hands; but perhaps that is not so [and the benediction can be pronounced] without raising of the hands! It is stated here, 'On this wise ye shall bless', and elsewhere it is stated: 'And Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people and blessed them';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which refers to the special occasion when the Tent of Meeting was dedicated. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ו תניא אידך כה תברכו בנשיאות כפים אתה אומר בנשיאות כפים או אינו אלא שלא בנשיאות כפים נאמר כאן כה תברכו ונאמר להלן (ויקרא ט, כב) וישא אהרן את ידיו אל העם ויברכם מה להלן בנשיאות כפים אף כאן בנשיאות כפים
6 as in this latter passage it was with raising of the hands, so also in the former passage it was with raising of the hands. R. Jonathan raised the question: If [your reasoning is valid], then as in that passage<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which refers to the special occasion when the Tent of Meeting was dedicated. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> [the benediction was pronounced] by the High Priest, on the new moon<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That day on which the Tabernacle was set up was New Moon, v. Ex. XL, 2. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ז קשיא ליה לר' יונתן אי מה להלן כהן גדול וראש חודש ועבודת צבור אף כאן כהן גדול וראש חודש ועבודת ציבור
7 and in the service of the Community, so also here it must be the High Priest, on the new moon and in the service of the Community! R. Nathan says: [This deduction] is unnecessary; behold it states: Him and his sons for ever,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XVIII, 5. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> comparing him and his sons — as [the High Priest pronounced the benediction] with raising of the hands, so also his sons with raising of the hands. Furthermore it is written for ever,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He thus answers the argument that the benediction should only be pronounced by the High Priest and on the new moon. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ח ר' נתן אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר (דברים יח, ה) הוא ובניו כל הימים מקיש בניו לו מה הוא בנשיאות כפים אף בניו בנשיאות כפים וכתיב כל הימים ואיתקש ברכה לשירות
8 and a comparison is drawn between the benediction and ministering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., although Deut. XVIII, 5 only mentions ministering and not blessing, yet from the phrase to minister and to bless (ibid. X. 8) it is concluded that they are analogous. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> Another [Baraitha] taught: 'On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel' — with the use of the Shem Hameforash.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Lit.. 'the Distinguished Name', synonymous with Shem Hameyuhad, 'the Unique Name' and generally held identical with the Tetragrammaton, uttered as written, v. Sanh. (Sonc. ed.) p. 408, n. 1.] ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ט ותניא אידך כה תברכו את בני ישראל בשם המפורש אתה אומר בשם המפורש או אינו אלא בכינוי ת"ל (במדבר ו, כז) ושמו את שמי שמי המיוחד לי
9 You say that it means with the Tetragrammaton; but perhaps that is not so and a substituted name was used!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [I.e., as read Adonai, v. Tosaf.] ');"><sup>16</sup></span> There is a text to say: So shall they put My name<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. VI, 27. ');"><sup>17</sup></span>
י יכול אף בגבולין כן נאמר כאן ושמו את שמי ונאמר להלן (דברים יב, ה) לשום את שמו שם מה להלן בית הבחירה אף כאן בבית הבחירה
10 — My name which is unique to Me. It is possible to think that [the Shem Hameforash was also used] in places outside the Temple; but it is stated here, 'So shall they put My name' and elsewhere it is stated: To put His name there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XII, 5. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> — as in this latter passage it denotes in the Temple so also in the former passage it denotes in the Temple. R. Joshiah says: [This deduction] is unnecessary; behold it states: In every place where I cause My name to be remembered I will come unto thee.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XX, 24. ');"><sup>19</sup></span>
יא רבי יאשיה אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר (שמות כ, כא) בכל המקום אשר אזכיר את שמי אבוא אליך בכל מקום ס"ד אלא מקרא זה מסורס הוא בכל מקום אשר אבוא אליך וברכתיך שם אזכיר את שמי והיכן אבוא אליך וברכתיך בבית הבחירה שם אזכיר את שמי בבית הבחירה
11 Can it enter your mind that every place is intended?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [That the Divine presence will come there. Surely this is restricted to the Sanctuary or Temple; v. Rashi.] ');"><sup>20</sup></span> But the text must be transposed thus: In every place where I will come unto thee and bless thee will I cause My name to be remembered; and where will I come unto thee and bless thee? In the Temple; there, in the Temple, will I cause My name to be remembered.
יב תניא אידך כה תברכו את בני ישראל אין לי אלא בני ישראל גרים נשים ועבדים משוחררים מנין ת"ל (במדבר ו, כג) אמור להם לכולהו
12 Another [Baraitha] teaches: 'On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel' — I have here only the children of Israel; whence is it that proselytes, women and enfranchised slaves [are included]? There is a text to state, Ye shall say unto them<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. VI, 23. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> — i.e., to all of them.
יג תניא אידך כה תברכו פנים כנגד פנים אתה אומר פנים כנגד פנים או אינו אלא פנים כנגד עורף ת"ל אמור להם כאדם האומר לחבירו
13 Another [Baraitha] teaches: 'On this wise ye shall bless' — i.e., face to face.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The priests and people must face one another. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> You say that it means face to face; but perhaps that is not so and it means the face [of the priests] towards the back [of the people]! There is a text to state, 'Ye shall say unto them' — i.e., like a man who talks to his companion.
יד תניא אידך כה תברכו בקול רם או אינו אלא בלחש ת"ל אמור להם כאדם שאומר לחבירו
14 Another [Baraitha] teaches: 'On this wise ye shall bless — i.e., in a loud voice. But perhaps it is not so and the meaning is softly! There is a text to state, 'Ye shall say unto them' — like a man who talks to his companion. Abbaye said: We have a tradition that [the Precentor]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When calling upon the Kohanim (v. Glos., s.v. Kohen) in the Synagogue to pronounce the benediction. ');"><sup>23</sup></span>
טו אמר אביי נקטינן לשנים קורא כהנים ולא' אינו קורא כהן שנא' אמור להם לשנים ואמר רב חסדא נקטינן כהן קורא כהנים ואין ישראל קורא כהנים שנאמר אמור להם אמירה
15 exclaims 'Kohanim!' when [at least] two are present but he does not exclaim 'Kohen!' when only one is there;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [But the priest turns his face to bless the people of his own accord; v. 'Atereth Zekenim Sh. 'A. Orah Hayyim 128, 10.] ');"><sup>24</sup></span> as it is said: Ye shall say unto them — i.e., [at least] unto two. R. Hisda said: We have a tradition that [when the Precentor is himself] a kohen he exclaims 'Kohanim!' but a lay-Israelite does not; as it is said: 'Ye shall say unto them' — the saying