Sotah 76

Chapter 76

א משלהם תהא והילכתא כוותיה דאביי ולית הילכתא כוותיה דרב חסדא:
1 must come from one of their own body. The legal decision is in accord with the view of Abaye and not according to R. Hisda.
ב (סימן מתאו"ה לברכ"ה דוכ"ן בעבוד"ה כו"ס מכי"ר נהנ"ה בעגל"ה)
2 (Mnemonic:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 171, n. 6. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ג אמר ר' יהושע בן לוי מנין שהקב"ה מתאוה לברכת כהנים שנאמר (במדבר ו, כז) ושמו את שמי על בני ישראל ואני אברכם ואמר רבי יהושע בן לוי כל כהן שמברך מתברך ושאינו מברך אין מתברך שנאמר (בראשית יב, ג) ואברכה מברכיך
3 Desires, for the benediction, platform, in the 'Service', cup, recognise, accepts hospitality, heifer.)
ד ואמר ר' יהושע בן לוי כל כהן שאינו עולה לדוכן עובר בשלשה עשה כה תברכו אמור להם ושמו את שמי
4 R. Joshua b. Levi said: Whence is it that the Holy One, blessed be He, desires the priestly benediction? As it is said: So shall they put My name upon the children of Israel; and I will bless them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. VI, 27. [By blessing the people, the priests place, so to speak, to the delight of God, His name upon them (Rashi)]. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ה רב אמר חוששין שמא בן גרושה או בן חלוצה הוא
5 R. Joshua b. Levi also said: Every kohen who pronounces the benediction is himself blessed, but if he does not pronounce it he is not blessed; as it is said: I will bless them that bless thee.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XII, 3. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ו ולא פליגי הא דסליק לפרקים הא דלא סליק לפרקים
6 R. Joshua b. Levi also said: Any kohen who refuses to ascend the platform<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From which the benediction is pronounced. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ז ואמר ר' יהושע בן לוי כל כהן שאינו עולה בעבודה שוב אינו עולה שנאמר (ויקרא ט, כב) וישא אהרן את ידיו אל העם ויברכם וירד מעשות החטאת והעולה והשלמים מה להלן בעבודה אף כאן בעבודה
7 transgresses three positive commandments, viz., 'On this wise shall ye bless', 'Ye shall say unto them', and 'So shall they put My name'. Rab said: We have to take into consideration that he might be the son of a divorcee or the son of a <i>Haluzah</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. His father may have contracted a marriage which is forbidden to a kohen, in which case the son was disqualified. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ח איני והא ר' אמי ורבי אסי סלקי רבי אמי ורבי אסי מעיקרא הוו עקרי כרעייהו ממטא לא הוה מטו התם וכדתני ר' אושעיא לא שנו אלא שלא עקר את רגליו אבל עקר את רגליו עולה
8 But [R. Joshua and Rab] are not at variance, one referring to a case where he ascends [the platform] occasionally,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On some of the Festivals and then declines to do so on others; in which case we do not suspect him of being disqualified. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ט ותנן נמי אם הבטחתו שנושא את כפיו וחוזר לתפלתו רשאי והוינן בה הא לא עקר אלא דנד פורתא הכא נמי דעקר פורתא
9 the other to a case where he does not occasionally ascend it.
י ואמר ריב"ל אין נותנין כוס של ברכה לברך אלא לטוב עין שנאמר (משלי כב, ט) טוב עין הוא יבורך כי נתן מלחמו לדל אל תיקרי יבורך אלא יברך
10 R. Joshua b. Levi also said: Any kohen who does not ascend [the platform] in the 'Service'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the paragraph of the Eighteen Benedictions referring to the Temple-service. That is the point at which the kohen ascends the platform. V. P.B. p. 238a. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
יא ואמר ר' יהושע בן לוי מנין שאפי' עופות מכירין בצרי העין שנאמר (משלי א, יז) כי חנם מזורה הרשת בעיני כל בעל כנף
11 may not ascend later; as it is said: And Aaron lifted up his hands toward the people, and blessed them, — and he came down from offering the sin-offering and the burnt-offering and the peace-offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. IX, 22. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
יב ואמר רבי יהושע בן לוי כל הנהנה מצרי העין עובר בלאו שנאמר (משלי כג, ו) אל תלחם את לחם רע עין וגו' כי כמו שער בנפשו כן הוא אכול ושתה יאמר לך וגו' רב נחמן בר יצחק אמר עובר בשני לאוין אל תלחם ואל תתאו
12 As in this passage [the benediction occurred] during the 'Service', so here [in the Synagogue] it must be [during the prayers relating to] the 'Service'. But that is not so, seeing that R. Ammi and R. Assi ascended [at a later point in the liturgy]! — R. Ammi and R. Assi had already moved their feet [at the proper point to ascend the platform] but did not reach there [in time]. This is as R. Oshaia taught, [The statement that the kohen may not ascend after that point in the liturgy] does not apply except when he had not moved his feet, but if he had moved his feet he may ascend. It has been similarly learnt: If he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The case is where the Precentor is the only kohen in the Synagogue. He is not required to 'raise his hands', because it might confuse him and lead to a mistake in the rendering of the prayers. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יג וא"ר יהושע בן לוי אין עגלה ערופה באה אלא בשביל צרי העין
13 is confident that he can raise his hands [for the benediction] and resume the prayers [without an error], he is permitted to do so;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Ber. 34a. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יד שנאמר (דברים כא, ז) וענו ואמרו ידינו לא שפכו את הדם הזה וכי על לבנו עלתה שזקני ב"ד שופכי דמים הם אלא לא בא לידינו ופטרנוהו ולא ראינוהו והנחנוהו לא בא לידינו ופטרנוהו בלא מזונות לא ראינוהו והנחנוהו בלא לוייה
14 on arguing in this connection that he surely does not move [his feet],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the reading desk to ascend the platform, so how can he 'raise his hands'? ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
טו אמר אדא א"ר שמלאי בית הכנסת שכולה כהנים כולן עולין לדוכן למי מברכין אמר ר' זירא לאחיהם שבשדות
15 [the reply was] that he shifts a little [to one side]; so also in the present instance, if [a kohen] moves a little [to ascend at the right point, it is sufficient].
טז איני והתני אבא בריה דרב מנימין בר חייא עם שאחורי כהנים אינן בכלל ברכה לא קשיא הא דאניסי הא דלא אניסי
16 R. Joshua b. Levi also said: We give the cup of blessing<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A cup of wine is used in the recital of Grace. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יז והתני רב שימי מבירתא דשיחורי בית הכנסת שכולה כהנים מקצתן עולין ומקצתן עונין אמן
17 for the recital of the Grace after meals only to one who is of a generous disposition,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'good of eye', the opposite of bad of eye, i.e., envious. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
יח לא קשיא הא דאישתייר בי עשרה הא דלא אישתייר בי עשרה
18 as it is said: He that hath a bountiful eye shall be blessed, for he giveth of his bread to the poor<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. XXII, 9. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
יט גופא תנא אבא בריה דרב מנימין בר חייא עם שאחורי כהנים אינן בכלל ברכה
19 — read not yeborak ['shall be blessed'] but yebarek [shall say the Benediction]. R. Joshua b. Levi also said: Whence is it that even the birds recognise those who have a niggardly spirit?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'narrow of eye'. Birds avoid such as these. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
כ פשיטא אריכי באפי גוצי לא מפסקי תיבה לא מפסקא מחיצה מאי ת"ש דאמר רבי יהושע בן לוי אפילו מחיצה של ברזל אינה מפסקת בין ישראל לאביהם שבשמים
20 As it is said: For in vain is the net spread in the eyes of any bird.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. I, 17. verse 19 continues, So are the ways of everyone that is greedy of gain. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
כא איבעיא להו צדדין מהו אמר אבא מר בר רב אשי ת"ש דתנן נתכוון להזות לפניו
21 R. Joshua b. Levi also said: Whoever accepts hospitality of men of niggardly spirit transgresses a prohibition; as it is said: Eat thou not the bread of him that hath an evil eye, [neither desire thou his dainties]. For as he reckoneth within himself; so is he; eat and drink, saith he to thee, [but his heart is not with thee].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XXIII, 6f. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> R. Nahman b. Isaac said: He transgresses two prohibitions, 'Eat thou not' and 'Neither desire thou'. R. Joshua b. Levi also said: [The necessity for] the heifer whose neck is to be broken<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Deut. XXI, 1ff. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> only arises on account of the niggardly of spirit, as it is said: Our hands have not shed this blood.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 7. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> But can It enter our minds that the elders of a Court of Justice are shedders of blood! The meaning is, [The man found dead] did not come to us for help and we dismissed him, we did not see him and let him go — i.e., he did not come to us for help and we dismissed him without supplying him with food, we did not see him and let him go without escort.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A man without escort was liable to be set upon and murdered. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> Adda said in the name of R. Simlai: In a Synagogue where all the worshippers are kohanim, they all ascend the platform. For whom, then, do they pronounce the benediction? R. Zera answered: For their brethren [working] in the fields.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who were prevented by their work from being present. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> But it is not so; for Abba the son of R. Minyamin b. Hiyya taught: The people who are behind the kohanim do not come within the scope of the benediction!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R.H. 35a. So how much more, they who are not present! ');"><sup>22</sup></span> — There is no contradiction; the former refers to men who are compelled [to be absent] and the latter to men who are not compelled [to be stationed behind the kohanim]. But R. Shimi of the Fort of Shihori taught: In a Synagogue where all the worshippers are kohanim, some ascend [the platform] and the rest respond with Amen! — There is no contradiction; the latter refers to where ten remain [to respond Amen] and the former where ten do not remain. The [above] text stated: 'Abba the son of R. Minyamin b. Hiyya taught: The people who are behind the kohanim do not come within the scope of the benediction.' It is obvious that the tall do not create an obstruction for the short,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Although the latter are shut out from the view of the kohanim, they are not excluded from the benediction. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> nor does the ark [where the Torah-scrolls are deposited] create an obstruction; but how is it with a partition [within the Synagogue]? — Come and hear: R. Joshua b. Levi said: Even a partition of iron does not divide between Israel and their Father in heaven. The question was asked: How is it with those standing on the side [of the kohanim]? — Abba Mar son of R. Ashi said: Come and hear: We have learnt: If he intended to sprinkle<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The purifying water to remove the defilement of vessels (v. Num. XIX, 18). ');"><sup>24</sup></span> in front of him