יט ר"א הגדול אומר מיום שחרב בית המקדש שרו חכימיא למהוי כספריא וספריא כחזניא וחזניא כעמא דארעא ועמא דארעא
19 IN THE MIDST OF THE CITY, BUT OUR RABBIS DECREED THAT A BRIDE MAY GO OUT IN A PALANQUIN IN THE MIDST OF THE CITY. WHEN R. MEIR<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He was renowned for his fables, V. Sanh, 38b. ');"><sup>32</sup></span> DIED, THE COMPOSERS OF FABLES CEASED. WHEN BEN AZZAI<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He was wedded to the Torah. V. supra p. 15. ');"><sup>33</sup></span> DIED, THE ASSIDUOUS STUDENTS [OF TORAH] CEASED. WHEN BEN ZOMA<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He was a famous expositor. V. Ber. 12b. ');"><sup>34</sup></span> DIED, THE EXPOSITORS CEASED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [The text of the separately printed Mishnah adds: WHEN R. JOSHUA DIED, GOODNESS DEPARTED FROM THIS WORLD. WHEN R, SIMEON B. GAMALIEL DIED, THE LOCUST CAME AND TROUBLE INCREASED. WHEN R. ELEAZAR B. AZARIAH DIED, WEALTH DEPARTED FROM THE SAGES.] ');"><sup>35</sup></span> WHEN R. AKIBA<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He studied every letter of the Torah and derived ideas from every peculiarity of expression. ');"><sup>36</sup></span> DIED, THE GLORY OF THE TORAH CEASED. WHEN R. HANINA B. DOSA DIED, MEN OF DEED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The phrase has been variously interpreted. V. Buchler, Some Types of Jewish-Palestinian Piety, pp. 79ff, He explains it as men who devoted their lives to deeds of loving kindness. ');"><sup>37</sup></span> CEASED. WHEN R. JOSE KETANTA DIED, THE PIOUS MEN CEASED; AND WHY WAS HIS NAME CALLED KETANTA? BECAUSE HE WAS THE YOUNGEST<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the last of them. There is no other mention of him in Rabbinic literature. ');"><sup>38</sup></span> OF THE PIOUS MEN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [J. B.K. III, makes him identical with Jose the Babylonian, the son of Akabia b. Mahalaliel. V. Derenbourg. Essai, p. 483.] ');"><sup>39</sup></span> WHEN R. JOHANAN B. ZAKKAI<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His disciples called him 'the lamp of Israel'. V. Br. 28b. ');"><sup>40</sup></span> DIED, THE LUSTRE OF WISDOM CEASED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [On the wide sweep of his knowledge embracing the whole gamut of sciences known in his day v. B.B. 134a.] ');"><sup>41</sup></span> WHEN RABBAN GAMALIEL THE ELDER DIED, THE GLORY OF THE TORAH CEASED, AND PURITY AND ABNEGATION PERISHED. WHEN R. ISHMAEL B. FABI<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Appointed High Priest by Agrippa II in 59 C.E. He was executed in Cyrene after the destruction of the Temple (Josephus, War VI, II, 2.). ');"><sup>42</sup></span> DIED, THE LUSTRE OF THE PRIESTHOOD CEASED. WHEN RABBI DIED, HUMILITY AND FEAR OF SIN CEASED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since Rabbi (Judah I, the Prince) was the redactor of the Mishnah, this paragraph is clearly a later addition. V. Bacher, Agada der Tannaiten, II, p. 222, n. 4. ');"><sup>43</sup></span> R. PHINEAS B. JAIR SAYS: WHEN [THE SECOND] TEMPLE WAS DESTROYED, SCHOLARS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Haberim, v. Glos. ');"><sup>44</sup></span> AND NOBLEMEN WERE ASHAMED AND COVERED THEIR HEAD,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Through the insolence of inferior Persons who grew powerful. ');"><sup>45</sup></span> MEN OF DEED WERE DISREGARDED, AND MEN OF ARM AND MEN OF TONGUE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Demagogues. ');"><sup>46</sup></span> GREW POWERFUL. NOBODY ENQUIRES,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Concerning Israel's plight. ');"><sup>47</sup></span> NOBODY PRAYS [ON THEIR BEHALF], AND NOBODY ASKS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' About the welfare of his neighbour. ');"><sup>48</sup></span> UPON WHOM IS IT FOR US TO RELY? UPON OUR FATHER WHO IS IN HEAVEN. R. ELIEZER THE GREAT SAYS: FROM THE DAY THE TEMPLE WAS DESTROYED, THE SAGES BEGAN TO BE LIKE SCHOOL-TEACHERS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They deteriorated in quality. ');"><sup>49</sup></span> SCHOOL-TEACHERS LIKE SYNAGOGUE-ATTENDANTS, SYNAGOGUE-ATTENDANTS LIKE COMMON PEOPLE, AND THE COMMON PEOPLE