Taanit 11

Chapter 11

א יהיו כמותך אף אתה במה אברכך אם בתורה הרי תורה אם בעושר הרי עושר אם בבנים הרי בנים אלא יהי רצון שיהו צאצאי מעיך כמותך:
1 be like unto thee'. So also with you. With what shall I bless you?
ב ת"ר יורה שמורה את הבריות להטיח גגותיהן ולהכניס את פירותיהן ולעשות כל צרכיהן דבר אחר שמרוה את הארץ ומשקה עד תהום שנאמר (תהלים סה, יא) תלמיה רוה נחת גדודיה ברביבים תמוגגנה צמחה תברך דבר אחר יורה שיורד בנחת ואינו יורד בזעף
2 With [the knowledge of the Torah? ] You already possess [knowledge of the Torah]. With riches? You have riches already.
ג או אינו יורה אלא שמשיר את הפירות ומשטיף את הזרעים ומשטיף את האילנות ת"ל מלקוש מה מלקוש לברכה אף יורה לברכה או אינו מלקוש אלא שמפיל את הבתים ומשבר את האילנות ומעלה את הסקאין ת"ל יורה מה יורה לברכה אף מלקוש לברכה
3 With children? You have children already. Hence [I say], 'May it be [God's] will that your offspring be like unto you'.
ד ויורה גופיה מנלן דכתיב (יואל ב, כג) ובני ציון גילו ושמחו בה' אלהיכם כי נתן לכם את המורה לצדקה ויורד לכם גשם מורה ומלקוש בראשון:
4 Our Rabbis have taught: ['Former rain is termed] 'yoreh',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reference is to Deut. XI, 14. vruh vrh');"><sup>1</sup></span> because it warns<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'teaches'. connecting with the root , to teach.');"><sup>2</sup></span> people to plaster their roofs and to gather in their fruits and to attend to all their needs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In preparation of the Winter. vruh vur');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ה ת"ר יורה במרחשון ומלקוש בניסן אתה אומר יורה במרחשון ומלקוש בניסן או אינו אלא יורה בתשרי ומלקוש באייר ת"ל בעתו
5 Another explanation: It saturates<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Connecting with the root , to saturate.');"><sup>4</sup></span> the ground and waters it right down to its depths, as it is said, Watering her ridges abundantly, settling down the furrows thereof, thou makest her soft with showers; thou blessest the growth thereof.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. LXV, 11. vruh srh');"><sup>5</sup></span> Another explanation: [It is termed] 'yoreh' because it comes down<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Connecting with the root to descend. vruh vrh');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ו מלקוש אמר רב נהילאי בר אידי אמר שמואל דבר שמל קשיותיהן של ישראל דבי ר' ישמעאל תנא דבר שממלא תבואה בקשיה במתניתא תנא דבר שיורד על המלילות ועל הקשין
6 gently and not heavily. Or perhaps [it is termed] 'yoreh' because it causes the fruit to fall<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Connecting with the root to throw.');"><sup>7</sup></span> and it washes away the seed, and the trees?
ז ת"ר יורה במרחשון ומלקוש בניסן אתה אומר יורה במרחשון או אינו אלא בחדש כסליו ת"ל (דברים יא, יד) בעתו יורה ומלקוש מה מלקוש בעתו אף יורה בעתו (כיון שיצא ניסן וירדו גשמים אינו סימן ברכה)
7 The text [therefore] adds 'malkosh' ['latter rain'];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XI, 14. auekn aek');"><sup>8</sup></span> just as latter rain is a blessing, so too is former rain. Or perhaps [it is termed] 'malkosh,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to Rashi is connected with (cf. Amos VII, 1) which he takes to mean, grasshopper.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ח תניא אידך יורה במרחשון ומלקוש בניסן דברי ר"מ וחכמים אומרים יורה בכסליו
8 because It razes the houses to the ground and it shatters the trees and brings up the crickets? The text [therefore] adds 'yoreh'; just as former rain is a blessing so too is latter rain. How do we know that 'yoreh' itself is a blessing? - For it is written, Be glad then ye children of Zion, and rejoice in the Lord you God; for He giveth you the former rain [moreh] in just measure and He causeth to come down for you the rain, the former rain and the latter rain, at the first.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Joel II, 23.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ט מאן חכמים אמר רב חסדא ר' יוסי היא דתניא איזו היא רביעה ראשונה הבכירה בשלשה במרחשון בינונית בשבעה בו אפילה בשבעה עשר בו דברי ר"מ ר' יהודה אומר בשבעה ובי"ז ובעשרים ושלשה
9 Our Rabbis have taught: Former rain [falls] in Marcheshvan and latter rain in Nisan. You say, Former rain in Marcheshvan and latter rain in Nisan; perhaps it is otherwise, former rain in Tishri and latter rain in Iyar? The text [therefore] adds, in its due season.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XI, 14. ktrah ka ivh,uhae kna rcs');"><sup>11</sup></span>
י ר' יוסי אומר בי"ז ובעשרים ושלשה ובראש חדש כסליו וכן היה ר' יוסי אומר אין היחידים מתענין עד שיגיע ראש חדש כסליו
10 R'Nehilai B'Idi said in the name of Samuel: ['Latter rain' is termed] 'malkosh' because it is a thing that removes the stiff-neckedness of Israel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' vhaec vtuc, tknna (13) ihaev kgu ,ukhknv kg sruha rcs (14)');"><sup>12</sup></span> The school of R'Ishmael taught: It is something that fills the stalks with grain.<a rel="footnote" href="#13"><sup>13</sup></a> In a Baraitha it has been taught: [It is] something which falls both upon the ears and upon the stalks.<a rel="footnote" href="#14"><sup>14</sup></a>
יא אמר רב חסדא הלכה כר' יוסי אמימר מתני להא דרב חסדא בהא לישנא בשלשה במרחשון שואלין את הגשמים רבן גמליאל אומר בשבעה בו אמר רב חסדא הלכה כרבן גמליאל
11 Our Rabbis have taught: Former rain [falls] in Marcheshvan and latter rain in Nisan. You say, Former rain in Marcheshvan; perhaps, on Kislev? The text [therefore] adds, 'in its due season, former rain and latter rain, as latter rain is that which comes in due season (since should Nisan pass and no rain fall, it is not a sign of blessing)<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [The words in brackets which appear bracketed also in the original seem irrelevant here. They are more appropriate in the preceding paragraph after the words, 'In its due season' where in point of fact they so occur in some edd.]. vbuatr vghcr');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יב כמאן אזלא הא דתניא ר"ש בן גמליאל אומר גשמים שירדו שבעה ימים זה אחר זה אתה מונה בהן רביעה ראשונה ושניה ושלישית כמאן כר' יוסי אמר רב חסדא הלכה כר' יוסי
12 so too former is that which comes in due season. Another [Baraitha] teaches: Former rain [falls] in Marcheshvan and latter rain in Nisan; this is the opinion of R'Meir; but the Sages say: Former rain [falls] in Kislev. Who are the Sages?
יג בשלמא רביעה ראשונה לשאול שלישית להתענות שניה למאי אמר ר' זירא לנדרים דתנן
13 R'Hisda replied: It is R'Jose. For it has been taught: Which is the first rainfall?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [ . The yoreh (former rain) consists of three rainfalls, each being termed rebi'ah; when each is due is the point at issue in the discussion that follows. The word 'first' is accordingly difficult and is omitted by R. Hananel and MSS. of the Tosef. Ta'an. I from where the passage is quoted.]');"><sup>16</sup></span> The early [rain] falls on the third of Marcheshvan, the intermediate on the seventh, the late on the seventeenth; this is the opinion of R'Meir. R'Judah says: On the seventh, on the seventeenth, and on the twenty-third. R'Jose says: On the seventeenth, on the twenty-third and on the first of Kislev. And likewise R'Jose used to say: The individuals do not begin to fast until the first day of Kislev. R'Hisda said: The halachah is according to the opinion of R'Jose. Amemar reported R'Hisda's statement in the following version: On the third day of Marcheshvan we pray for rain; Rabban Gamaliel says, On the seventh of the month. R'Hisda said: The halachah is according to Rabban Gamaliel. In accordance with whose view then is the following which has been taught: R'Simeon B'Gamaliel says: If rain falls on seven days in succession you may consider it as the combination of the first, the second [or the second] and the third rainfall?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [The words in square brackets are supplied from MS.M.; v. also Tosef. loc. cit.]');"><sup>17</sup></span> - It is in accordance with the opinion of R'Jose.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [According to R. Jose each rainfall is due within seven days of the other].');"><sup>18</sup></span> R'Hisda said: The halachah is according to R'Jose. The reason for giving a date for the first rainfall is evident seeing that from that date we begin to pray for rain; likewise the date of the third rainfall is given because from that date we begin to fast; but what may be the reason for giving the date of the second rainfall? -R'Zera replied: It has to do with Vows. For we have learnt: