Taanit 23

Chapter 23

א הא דאמרת מתענין לשעות והוא שלא טעם כלום עד הערב א"ל אביי הא תענית מעלייתא היא לא צריכא דאימלך אימלוכי
1 With reference to what you said that one may fast for a matter of hours this only applies if [the man concerned] had not tasted anything until the evening. Abaye said to him: This is then a full fast! - This speaks of a case where the fast was only an after thought.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Hisda's interpretation of fasting for a matter of hours is this. A man was too occupied for the first half of the day to have a meal and decides that he would end the day without food so as to make it constitute a fast. In such special circumstances the fast is a valid one, though the man had not explicitly undertaken it on the day previous (V. Rashi) .');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב ואמר רב חסדא כל תענית שלא שקעה עליו חמה לאו שמיה תענית מיתיבי אנשי משמר מתענין ולא משלימין התם לצעורי נפשיה בעלמא הוא
2 R'Hisda further said: A fast over which the sun has not set cannot be deemed a fast. An objection was raised against this.
ג תא שמע דא"ר אליעזר (בן) צדוק אני מבני בניו של סנאב בן בנימין ופעם אחת חל ט' באב להיות בשבת ודחינוהו לאחר השבת והתענינו בו ולא השלמנוהו מפני שיו"ט שלנו הוא התם נמי לצעורי נפשיה בעלמא הוא
3 The men of the Mishmar fast but do not complete [the day]. [There fasting] is merely in order to afflict themselves [in sympathy with the community].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Mishnah infra ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ד תא שמע דאמר רבי יוחנן אהא בתענית עד שאבוא לביתי התם לשמוטיה נפשיה מבי נשיאה הוא דעבד
4 Come and hear: R'Eleazar B'Zadok said: I am a descendant of Sena'ah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Ezra II, 35. The Gemara reads Sena'ab.');"><sup>3</sup></span> of the tribe of Benjamin; once the [fast of] the ninth of Ab fell on the Sabbath and we postponed it until the day after the Sabbath and we fasted but did not complete the fast because it was our festive day!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 26a.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ה אמר שמואל כל תענית שלא קיבל עליו מבעוד יום לאו שמיה תענית ואי יתיב מאי אמר רבה בר שילא דמי למפוחא דמליא זיקא
5 - There too the fasting was merely in order to afflict themselves [in sympathy with the community]. Come and hear: R'Johanan [once] said: 'I will fast until I return home'! - There he said this merely in order to evade the hospitality of the house of the Nasi.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ו אימת מקביל ליה רב אמר במנחה ושמואל אמר בתפלת המנחה אמר רב יוסף כוותיה דשמואל מסתברא דכתיב במגילת תענית להן כל איניש דייתי עלוהי מקדמת דנא ייסר
6 Samuel said: A fast which one does not undertake before sunset on the previous day is not deemed to be a fast. But what if a man does observe such a fast? - Rabbah B'Shila replied: It may be compared to a pair of bellows filled with wind.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., of no significance. rxhh');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ז מאי לאו ייסר עצמו בצלו לא יאסר עצמו
7 At what time should one undertake such a fast? - Rab said: During the time that one may read the Afternoon Service, and Samuel said, In the course of the Afternoon Tefillah. R'Joseph said: The view of Samuel appears the more reasonable, since it is written in the Scroll of Fasts: Therefore any man who has been subject to a fast previous to this [i.e., the incidence of these festive days] should build himself<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The text reads, . ukmc ukmc rxhh');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ח פליגי בהא רבי חייא ורבי שמעון ברבי חד אמר ייסר וחד אמר יאסר מ"ד ייסר כדאמרינן למאן דאמר יאסר מאי היא
8 [by an undertaking]. Does this not refer to an undertaking made during prayer?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' in prayer. an undertaking made during the Minhah Tefillah the day previous.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ט דתניא במגילת תענית כל איניש דייתי עלוהי מקדמת דנא יאסר כיצד יחיד שקיבל עליו שני וחמישי (ושני) של כל השנה כולה ואירעו בם ימים טובים הכתובין במגילת תענית אם נדרו קודם לגזרתנו יבטיל נדרו את גזרתנו ואם גזרתנו קודמת לנדרו תבטל גזרתנו את נדרו
9 - No; this only denotes that he is forbidden [to break his fast because of his previous undertaking]. R'Hiyya and R'Simeon B'Rabbi differ on this question.
י תנו רבנן עד מתי אוכל ושותה עד שיעלה עמוד השחר דברי רבי רבי אליעזר בר שמעון אומר עד קרות הגבר אמר אביי לא שנו אלא שלא גמר סעודתו אבל גמר סעודתו אינו אוכל
10 One reads<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the text of the Scroll of Fasts. rxhh');"><sup>9</sup></span> yesar<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' . rxth');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יא איתיביה רבא גמר ועמד הרי זה אוכל התם כשלא סילק איכא דאמרי אמר רבא לא שנו אלא כשלא ישן אבל ישן אינו אוכל איתיביה אביי ישן ועמד הרי זה אוכל התם במתנמנם
11 ['he should bind himself by his under-taking'] and the other reads, yeaser<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' .');"><sup>11</sup></span> [he is forbidden, i.e., to break his fast].
יב היכי דמי מתנמנם אמר רב אשי
12 The one who reads, yesar, justifies his view the way we have just stated, but the one who reads, yeaser, what does this mean? - It has been taught in the Scroll of Fasts: Any man who is subject to a fast previous to this [incidence of these festive days] is forbidde [to break his fast]. How is this to be understood? If a man undertook to fast on Mondays and Thursdays throughout the year and any of the festive days enumerated in the Scroll of Fasts happens to fall on those days, then if his vow was made previous to our decree his vow overrides our decree, but if our decree was made before his vow then our decree overrides his vow. Our Rabbis taught: Until when may one eat and drink [on the night preceding a fast]? Until the rise of dawn; this is the opinion of Rabbi. R'Eliezer B'Simeon says: Until cock crow. Abaye said: This only holds good where a man had not yet finished his meal, but if he had finished his meal he may not eat again. Raba raised an objection against this: If one had completed his meal and rose from the table, he may eat further! - There it speaks of the case where he had not yet removed the [table].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The meal is not looked upon as ended.');"><sup>12</sup></span> Some say, Raba said: This holds good only when he has not gone to sleep, but if he has gone to sleep he may not eat again. Abaye raised an objection against this: If one had gone to sleep and then got up he may eat again! - There it speaks of the case where he was merely dozing. What constitutes dozing? -R'Ashi replied: