Taanit 26

Chapter 26

א אין הבוגרת רשאה לנוול את עצמה בימי אבל אביה הא נערה רשאה
1 A girl who has reached adolescence<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Twelve and a half years of age plus one day. opposed to a vrgb twelve years plus one day old.');"><sup>1</sup></span> may not make herself unsightly during the days of mourning for her father.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order not to prejudice her chances of marriage because of her unsightliness.');"><sup>2</sup></span> This implies that a girl who has not reached adolescence may [make herself unsightly].
ב מאי לאו ברחיצה ובמאי אילימא בחמין אין הבוגרת רשאה והאמר רב חסדא אבל אסור להושיט אצבעו בחמין אלא לאו בצונן לא אכיחול ופירכוס
2 And in which respect [may she neglect herself]? By not bathing. [This being so], in what water?
ג לימא מסייע ליה דא"ר אבא הכהן משום רבי יוסי הכהן מעשה ומתו בניו של ר' יוסי בר חנינא ורחץ בצונן כל שבעה
3 Shall I say in warm? [Then how can you say that] a girl who has not reached adolescence may not neglect herself [in this respect]? Did not R'Hisda say: A mourner may not put even his finger in warm water?
ד אמרי התם בשתכפוהו אבליו זה אחר זה דתניא תכפוהו אבליו זה אחר זה הכביד שערו מיקל בתער ומכבס כסותו במים אמר רב חסדא בתער אבל לא במספרים במים ולא בנתר ולא בחול ולא באהל
4 Therefore [it must speak of] cold water!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [And yet it is forbidden to a girl who has not reached adolescence to bathe in it during her mourning, which contradicts Raba.]');"><sup>3</sup></span> - No; [it speaks of] painting the eyelids and dyeing the hair. Shall we say that the following supports Raba: R'Abba the Priest said in the name of R'Jose the Priest: It happened that the sons of R'Jose B'Hanina died and he bathed in cold water throughout the seven days [of mourning].
ה איכא דאמרי אמר רבא אבל אסור בצונן כל שבעה מאי שנא מבשר ויין התם לפכוחי פחדיה הוא דעביד
5 The answer is, in his case one bereavement followed close on the other. For it has been taught: Where a man suffers one bereavement close upon another and his hair weighs heavy upon him he may thin them out with a razor and he may also wash his clothes in water. R'Hisda said: With a razor, but not with scissors, In water, but not in natron, nor in sand nor in aloe.
ו לימא מסייע ליה אין הבוגרת רשאה לנוול עצמה הא נערה רשאה במאי אילימא בחמין אין הבוגרת רשאה והאמר רב חסדא אבל אסור להושיט אצבעו בחמין אלא לאו בצונן לא אכיחול ופירכוס
6 Some say. Raba said: The mourner may not [bathe] in cold water all the seven days. Why this differentiation [between bathing in cold water] and partaking of meat and wine?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is permissible for the mourner.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ז אמר רב חסדא זאת אומרת אבל אסור בתכבוסת כל שבעה והלכתא אבל אסור לרחוץ כל גופו בין בחמין בין בצונן כל שבעה אבל פניו ידיו ורגליו בחמין אסור בצונן מותר אבל לסוך אפילו כל שהוא אסור ואם לעבר את הזוהמא מותר
7 - Of these [the mourner] may partake in order to counteract his fear.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to counteract his grief.');"><sup>5</sup></span> Shall we say that support may be adduced from the following passage: A girl who has reached adolescence may not make herself un-sightly [during the days of mourning for her father]. This implies that one who has not reached adolescence may?
ח צלותא דתעניתא היכי מדכרינן אדבריה רב יהודה לרב יצחק בריה ודרש יחיד שקיבל עליו תענית מתפלל של תענית והיכן אומרה בין גואל לרופא
8 And in what respect may she neglect herself? [By not bathing]. [This being so], in what water?
ט מתקיף לה רב יצחק וכי יחיד קובע ברכה לעצמו אלא אמר רב יצחק בשומע תפלה וכן אמר רב ששת בשומע תפלה
9 Is it in warm water? Then how can you say that a girl who has reached adolescence may not neglect herself in this respect? Did not R'Hisda say: A mourner may not put even his finger in warm water?
י מיתיבי אין בין יחיד לצבור אלא שזה מתפלל שמונה עשרה וזה מתפלל תשע עשרה מאי יחיד ומאי צבור אילימא יחיד ממש וצבור ש"צ הני תשע עשרה עשרין וארבע הוו
10 Therefore [it must speak of] cold water! - No; it speaks of painting the eyelids and dyeing the hair. R'Hisda said this proves<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is in support of Raba. Cf. P. 59, n. 3 mutatis mutandis.');"><sup>6</sup></span> that a mourner is forbidden to wash his clothes throughout the seven days of mourning.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Washing clothes is placed on a par with painting eyelids and dyeing hair (Rashi) . This passage is omitted in one MS. v. D.S. a.l.] ubbg ,kp,');"><sup>7</sup></span>
יא אלא לאו ה"ק אין בין יחיד דקבל עליו תענית יחיד ליחיד שקבל עליו תענית צבור אלא שזה מתפלל שמונה עשרה וזה מתפלל תשע עשרה ש"מ יחיד קובע ברכה לעצמו
11 The law is, a mourner is forbidden to bathe his whole body either in warm or in cold water all the seven days; his face, hands and feet he may not [wash] in warm water but in cold water he may; anointing is not permitted at all; if, however, it is to remove the dirt it is permissible. Where is the prayer for the fast day<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. P.B. p. 50.');"><sup>8</sup></span> inserted?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [This sentence is omitted in MS.B. v. D.S.] vhrcst');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יב לא לעולם אימא לך שליח צבור ודקא קשיא לך שליח צבור עשרין וארבע מצלי בג' תעניות ראשונות דליכא עשרים וארבע
12 Rab Judah brought his son R'Isaac [to the school]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [ Lit., 'to lead'. Various meanings have been given to the phrase: (a) Took him for a walk (Rashi. Bezah 29a) ; (b) Put the words in his mouth (R. Hananel, ibid.) i.e., prepared for him the exposition; (c) Gave him permission (Epstein J.N. MGWJ, LXIII, p. 258, adopted by Malter a.I.)');"><sup>10</sup></span> and he expounded as follows: An individual who has taken upon himself a fast should recite the prayer for the fast day. And where does he insert it?
יג ולא והא אין בין קתני אין בין ג' ראשונות לג' אמצעיות אלא שבאלו מותרין בעשיית מלאכה ובאלו אסורין בעשיית מלאכה הא לכ"ד זה וזה שוין
13 Between the benediction for 'Redemption' and the benediction for 'Healing'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., between the seventh and the eighth benedictions.');"><sup>11</sup></span> R'Isaac demurred to this [saying]: Is it proper that an individual should insert [in his prayers] special benediction for himself? Therefore said R'Isaac: [He includes it] in the benediction 'Thou hearkenest to the prayer'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., in the sixteenth benediction.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יד תנא ושייר מאי שייר דהאי שייר ותו והא אין בין קתני אלא תנא באיסורי קא מיירי בתפלות לא מיירי ואי בעית אימא באמצעייתא נמי לא מצלי כ"ד
14 And so, too, said R'Shesheth: [In the benediction] 'Thou hearkenest to the prayer'. An objection was raised [against this]: The only difference between [the Order of Prayer] of an individual on a fast day and a community is that the former recites eighteen benedictions and the latter recite nineteen. Now what is [meant by] an 'individual' and what by a 'community'?
טו ולא והתניא אין בין ג' שניות לשבע אחרונות אלא שבאלו מתריעין ונועלין את החנויות הא לכל דבריהן זה וזה שוין וכי תימא הכא נמי תנא ושייר והא אין בין קתני
15 Shall we say that [by] an 'individual' [is meant] literally and [by] 'community' the Representative of the community [leading in prayer]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Reader.');"><sup>13</sup></span> If so, are the benedictions [recited by the latter] nineteen? Are they not rather twenty-four?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 15a.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
טז ותסברא אין בין דוקא
16 Therefore the [Baraitha quoted] should read thus: The only difference between an individual who has undertaken a private fast and an individual who has undertaken a public fast is that the former recites eighteen [benedictions] and the latter nineteen.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 12b.');"><sup>15</sup></span> From which one may infer that an individual may insert a special benediction for himself.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In opposition to R. Isaac.');"><sup>16</sup></span> No; [by 'community' is definitely meant], the Representative of the Community and as to your difficulty, that the Representative recites twenty-four benedictions [and not nineteen]. [this refers] to the fi three fasts when the twenty-four are not [recited]. But is this so? Is it not stated that the only difference between the first three [fasts] and the middle three [fasts] is that work is permissible on the former and forbidden on the latter? Does this not imply that with regard to the recital of the twenty-four [benedictions] both are alike? -The Tanna [of the Baraitha] has stated only one [difference] and has left out [others] - What other differences has he left out besides this one?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely he would not stop short of just one item.');"><sup>17</sup></span> And further, does he not explicitly state: The only difference etc. ? - The Tanna speaks only of differences with regard to things forbidden on the fast days and not [of differences with regard to] prayers. And if you like, I can say that even on the middle three fasts the twenty-four benedictions are also not recited. But is this so? Has it not been taught: 'The only difference between the second three [fasts] and the last seven is that on the latter the alarm is sounded and the shops are closed.' Does this not imply that in all other respects they are alike? And should you reply that here too [the Tanna] stated one difference only and left out [others], I would object on the ground that it explicitly states, 'The only difference'! - Do you assume the expression, 'The only difference etc.'