Temurah 14

Chapter 14

א נדבה תעשה [אותו] זה קדשי בדק הבית ואין לי אלא נדבה נדר מנין ת"ל ולנדר
1 [Scripture says:] That mayest thou offer for a freewill-offering:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXII, 23; referring to a blemished animal.');"><sup>1</sup></span> this refers to dedications for Temple repairs. Now I have here mentioned only the case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That a blemished animal can become holy for Temple repairs.');"><sup>2</sup></span> of a freewill-offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., where he says: 'Behold this animal shall be dedicated for Temple repairs'.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ב יכול אפי' קדשי מזבח תלמוד לומר (ויקרא כב, כג) ולנדר לא ירצה זה קדשי מזבח ואין לי אלא נדר נדבה מנין ת"ל נדבה רבי אומר לא ירצה בהרצאת גופו הכתוב מדבר
2 Whence do we derive that the same applies to a vow?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If one says: 'I vow to dedicate an animal for Temple repairs',that it is a duty to set aside the animal even if blemished.');"><sup>4</sup></span> Scripture says: And for a vow.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And we interpret the text thus: That mayest thou offer for a freewill-offering and also for a vow.');"><sup>5</sup></span> One might think [that the blemished animals vowed for offering are fit] even for the altar? The text, however, states: 'And for a vow it shall not be accepted', thus referring to dedications for the altar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the term 'accepted' can only mean for the purpose of offering up on the altar.');"><sup>6</sup></span> I here mentioned only the case of a freewill-offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If one said, 'I vow to dedicate this blemished burnt-offering', such dedication is not fit for the altar, as being not 'accepted', for this kind of dedication is mentioned next to the text, 'It can not be accepted'.');"><sup>7</sup></span> Whence can we derive that it is the same with reference to a vow?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That one cannot say in connection with a blemished animal: 'Behold, this is for the altar'.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ג היינו תנא קמא מאי לאו בהא קמיפלגי דתנא קמא סבר אפי' אקדשיה לדמי נסכים נמי לקי ורבי סבר בהרצאת גופו נמי לקי אבל בדמי נסכים לא לקי ש"מ
3 The text states: A freewill-offering'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The meaning of the text will therefore be as follows: The freewill-offering which you may dedicate for Temple repairs and the blemished animal vowed for Temple repairs are not acceptable for the altar.');"><sup>9</sup></span> Rabbi said: [Scripture says:] 'It shall not be accepted', the text thus speaks of accepting its body [for sacrifice on the altar].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That it must not be offered up.');"><sup>10</sup></span> But is not this opinion precisely that of the first Tanna? Must we not say that they differ<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between the first Tanna and Rabbi.');"><sup>11</sup></span> in this: The first Tanna holds that even if he dedicates the blemished animal for the value of drink-offerings, he also incurs the punishment of lashes, whereas Rabbi says: The punishment only applies to the acceptance of the body,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., sacrifice on the altar.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ד ואלא אותו למה לי לכדתניא (ויקרא כב, כג) נדבה תעשה אותו אותו תעשה נדבה ואי אתה עושה תמים נדבה לבדק הבית מיכן אמרו המקדיש תמימים לבדק הבית עובר בעשה
4 but not if the dedication is for the value of a drink-offering? It stands proved.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That Raba's ruling above is a matter of dispute between Tannaim. u,ut');"><sup>13</sup></span> But why then is the word 'that'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That () mayest thou etc. Since you say that the words 'vow' and 'freewill-offering' are linked together as meaning that a blemished animal either as vow or freewill-offering is not acceptable for the altar, the word 'that' which possesses a restrictive meaning, is not needed');"><sup>14</sup></span> inserted? - It is needed to intimate what has been taught: Scripture says, That mayest thou offer for a freewill-offering, thus intimating: that you may offer as a freewill-offering [for Temple repairs], but you may not offer unblemished animals as a freewill-offering [for Temple repairs]. Hence the Rabbis say: He who dedicates unblemished animals<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which are fit for sacrifice on the altar.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ה ומנין אף בלא תעשה שנאמר (ויקרא כב, א) וידבר ה' אל משה לאמר לימד על הפרשה שהיא בלאו דברי ר' יהודה
5 for Temple repairs is guilty of transgressing a positive command.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The prohibition derived by implication from the positive command that mayest thou, and which has the force only of a positive command.');"><sup>16</sup></span> And whence do we derive that one is guilty of transgressing a negative command?
ו א"ל רבי לבר קפרא מאי משמע א"ל דכתיב לאמר לא נאמר בדברים בי רבי אמרי (לא) אמור
6 Because it says: 'And the Lord spake unto Moses saying',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXII, 17.');"><sup>17</sup></span> thus teaching us that the whole section is regarded as having the force of a prohibitory law. This is the teaching of R'Judah. Said Rabbi to Bar Kappara: How do you understand this?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How do you gather that the section has the force of a prohibitory law? rntk');"><sup>18</sup></span> He replied to him: Because of the word 'saying',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' rntk rnt tk');"><sup>19</sup></span>
ז איתמר המעלה אברי בעלי מומין לגבי מזבח אמר רבא עובר משום בל תקטירו כולו ומשום בל תקטירו מקצתו (אמר אביי) אין לוקין על לאו שבכללות
7 which indicates that a negative command has been said in connection with these statements.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The word is split into 'he said, not'. rnt');"><sup>20</sup></span> The School of Rabbi says: The word 'saying' means, tell<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' . tk rntk');"><sup>21</sup></span> [the children of Israel] a negative command.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' which with the previous word forms .');"><sup>22</sup></span> It is stated: If one burns on the altar the limbs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The pieces, in accordance with the law of a burnt-offering.');"><sup>23</sup></span> of blemished animals, Raba says: He transgresses the prohibitory laws of burning the whole and burning a part.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Derived from the text, 'Nor make an offering by fire', for when we burn the whole, this also includes a portion of it.');"><sup>24</sup></span>
ח מיתיבי המקדיש בעלי מומין לגבי מזבח עובר משום חמשה שמות תיובתא דאביי
8 Abaye says: There is no punishment of lashes for a comprehensive prohibition.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The prohibition comprises both the burning of the whole and a part, and in such a case there is only punishment on one count only (v. Rashi) .');"><sup>25</sup></span> They raised an objection: He who dedicates blemished animals for the altar is guilty on five counts,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he breaks five prohibitory laws, the Baraitha enumerating as two prohibitions the burning of the whole, and a part of the burnt-offering.');"><sup>26</sup></span>
ט אמר אביי בגברי קתני אי בגברי עובר עוברין מיבעי ליה אלא פשיטא בחד גברא ותיובתא דאביי
9 This refutes Abaye?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who holds that there is only one prohibitory law for burning the whole on the altar.');"><sup>27</sup></span> - Said R'Kahana:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Sh. Mek.');"><sup>28</sup></span> It refers to different individuals.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case where one person burns the whole of an animal and another burns a part of an animal, each is separately liable to one count of lashes for his own particular transgression. Where, however, one person is the offender he would not be liable on the count of burning a part.');"><sup>29</sup></span> But if it [the Baraitha] refers to different individuals, [why then does the Baraitha say,] 'He incurs etc.'?
י אמר אביי אפיק הקטרת מקצתו ועייל קבלת הדם קבלת דם לר' יוסי ברבי יהודה אית ליה לתנא קמא לית ליה קשיא
10 Is not 'they incur' required? Then obviously the Baraitha refers to one individual. Shall we say that this refutes Abaye? - Abaye can answer you: Exclude [from the Baraitha] the prohibition for burning part [of the blemished animal on the altar] and include [the prohibition for] receiving the blood [of the blemished animal]. [You say] the receiving of the blood; this prohibition is maintained only by R'Jose son of R'Judah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who adds in the Baraitha the case of receiving the blood as yet another prohibitory law.');"><sup>30</sup></span>
יא ל"א והא מדסיפא רבי יוסי בר' יהודה היא רישא רבנן תיובתא דאביי תיובתא
11 but not by the Rabbis?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who do not agree with R. Jose, and there would thus not be five prohibitions.');"><sup>31</sup></span> - This is a difficulty. Another version: Since the latter part [of the Baraitha]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which speaks of the receiving of the blood.');"><sup>32</sup></span>
יב <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> הכהנים ממירין בשלהן וישראל ממירין בשלהן אין הכהנים ממירין לא בחטאת ולא באשם ולא בבכור אמר רבי יוחנן בן נורי מפני מה אין ממירין בבכור אמר לו ר' עקיבא חטאת ואשם מתנה לכהן ובכור מתנה לכהן מה חטאת ואשם אין ממירין בו אף בכור אין ממירין בו
12 is the opinion of R'Jose son of R'Judah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 6b.');"><sup>33</sup></span> the first part will be the opinion of the Rabbis.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who hold that there is no prohibitory law against receiving the blood of a blemished dedicated animal. We cannot therefore include in the Baraitha receiving the blood as a prohibitory law. In order therefore to make up the five prohibitions, we must include burning a part of the burnt-offering as a prohibitory law, which will be at variance with the view of Abaye.');"><sup>34</sup></span> Shall we say this refutes Abaye? This is a final refutation. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>PRIESTS HAVE POWER TO EXCHANGE [AN ANIMAL] BELONGING TO THEMSELVES<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which they set aside for themselves, and if they substituted an unconsecrated animal for them, then the animal and the substitute become sacred.');"><sup>35</sup></span> AND ISRAELITES ALSO HAVE POWER TO EXCHANGE AN ANIMAL BELONGING TO THEMSELVES.
יג אמר רבי יוחנן בן נורי מה לו אם אינו ממיר בחטאת ואשם שאין זכין בהן בחייהן תאמר בבכור שזכין בו בחייו אמר לו רבי עקיבא והלא כבר נאמר (ויקרא כז, י) והיה הוא ותמורתו יהיה קודש היכן קדושה חלה עליו בבית הבעלים אף תמורה בבית הבעלים
13 PRIESTS HAVE NOT THE POWER TO EXCHANGE A SIN-OFFERING,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which an Israelite gave to a priest for a sacrifice. If a priest exchanged this the exchange is not valid, since he has no share in the animal except from the time it is burnt and onwards, and we learn later in this chapter that a man cannot cause a substitution of a thing which is not his.');"><sup>36</sup></span> A GUILT-OFFERING<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which an Israelite gave to a priest for a sacrifice. If a priest exchanged this the exchange is not valid, since he has no share in the animal except from the time it is burnt and onwards, and we learn later in this chapter that a man cannot cause a substitution of a thing which is not his.');"><sup>36</sup></span> OR A FIRSTLING.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which an Israelite gave to him.');"><sup>37</sup></span> SAID R'JOHANAN B. NURI: WHAT IS THE REASON WHY [PRIESTS] HAVE NOT THE POWER TO EXCHANGE A FIRSTLING?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the whole belongs to the priest and the firstling is given to him while alive, the Israelite not being atoned for therewith.');"><sup>38</sup></span>
יד <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנן התם בכור מוכרין אותו תם חי ובעל מום חי ושחוט ומקדשין בו האשה אמר רב נחמן אמר רבה בר אבוה לא שנו אלא בזמן הזה הואיל ואית ליה לכהן זכייה בגוויה (הואיל ויש לכהן שותפות בו) אבל בזמן שבית המקדש קיים כיון דתם להקרבה הוא דקאי אין מוכרין אותו תמים חי
14 R'AKIBA SAID TO HIM: A SIN-OFFERING AND A GUILT-OFFERING ARE PRIESTLY GIFTS AND A FIRSTLING IS ALSO A PRIESTLY GIFT. JUST AS IN THE CASE OF A SIN-OFFERING AND GUILT-OFFERING [PRIESTS] HAVE NO POWER TO EXCHANGE THEM,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For we are sure that they do not legally acquire possession of them until the time of the burning of the sacrifices.');"><sup>39</sup></span> SO IN THE CASE OF A FIRSTLING [PRIESTS] HAVE NO POWER TO EXCHANGE IT. SAID R'JOHANAN B. NURI: IT IS RIGHT THAT PRIESTS SHOULD HAVE NO POWER TO EXCHANGE A SIN-OFFERING AND A GUILT-OFFERING BECAUSE THEY HAVE NO CLAIM ON THESE [OFFERINGS] WHILE THESE ARE ALIVE.
טו איתיביה רבא לרב נחמן מוכרין אותו תמים חי חי אין שחוט לא אימת אילימא בזמן הזה מי איכא תם שחוט אלא פשיטא בזמן שבית המקדש קיים וקתני נמי מוכרין אותו תמים חי (אלמא אית ליה לכהן זכייה בגוויה)
15 WILL YOU, HOWEVER, SAY THAT THE SAME APPLIES TO A FIRSTLING ON WHICH [THE PRIESTS] HAVE A CLAIM WHEN IT IS ALIVE?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The case of a firstling is different and there should therefore be power to exchange it, the priest having a claim on it while it is alive.');"><sup>40</sup></span> R'AKIBA THEREUPON REPLIED TO HIM: HAS NOT SCRIPTURE ALREADY SAID: THEN IT AND THE EXCHANGE THEREOF SHALL BE HOLY?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVII, 10; thus comparing the substitute with dedication itself.');"><sup>41</sup></span> NOW WHERE DOES THE HOLINESS ARISE?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In connection with things dedicated.');"><sup>42</sup></span> IN THE HOUSE OF THE OWNERS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But it does not take place at all in the house of a priest and therefore a priest has not the power to exchange a firstling.');"><sup>43</sup></span> SIMILARLY EXCHANGE IS NOT EFFECTED EXCEPT IN THE HOUSE OF THE OWNERS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., in the house of an Israelite in whose possession the holiness of a firstling arises and therefore if an Israelite exchanged a firstling, the substitute is sacred, but not if a priest made the exchange.');"><sup>44</sup></span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>We have learnt elsewhere: An unblemished firstling may be sold alive,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ma'as. Sh. I, 2; B.K. 12b.');"><sup>45</sup></span>
טז לא לעולם בזמן הזה מי קתני מוכרין אותו תמים חי אין שחוט לא הא גופא אתא לאשמועינן דבזמן הזה נמי מוכרין אותו תמים חי
16 but a blemished firstling whether alive or slaughtered; and [the priest] may also betroth a woman with it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For it is considered his money.');"><sup>46</sup></span> Said R'Nahman in the name of Rabbah B'Abbuha: This<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That a priest can sell it alive.');"><sup>47</sup></span> was taught only for nowadays,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When the Temple is no longer in existence, and the firstling is consequently not destined for the altar.');"><sup>48</sup></span> since a priest has a claim upon it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Alive, for even nowadays a firstling belongs to the priest.');"><sup>49</sup></span> But in Temple times, since an unblemished firstling is destined to be offered up, we may not sell it alive unblemished.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For a priest has no claim on it except from the time when the parts of the sacrifice are burnt on the altar.');"><sup>50</sup></span> Raba raised an objection to R'Nahman: An unblemished firstling may be sold alive. [It says,] 'alive', implying, but not slaughtered. Now to what period does this refer? Shall I say that this refers nowadays?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The buyer waiting till a blemish occurs to the animal in order to be able to eat it.');"><sup>51</sup></span> Is there an unblemished animal that may be slaughtered [nowadays]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For it would be slaughtering sacrifices outside the Temple wall.');"><sup>52</sup></span> Then obviously you must say that the term 'alive' refers to Temple times<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When, however, it may not be sold slaughtered, for it is an abuse of holy things to make an ordinary transaction with its flesh.');"><sup>53</sup></span> and yet it says: An unblemished firstling may be sold alive.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' We therefore see that one may sell an unblemished firstling alive in Temple times, contrary to the opinion of R. Nahman.');"><sup>54</sup></span> - No! One can still maintain that it refers to nowadays, for does it state: One may sell it unblemished alive, but not slaughtered?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For us to infer that we are not dealing with the present time, since nowadays there can be no unblemished slaughtered firstling.');"><sup>55</sup></span> It wishes to inform us of this very thing, that a firstling [nowadays] may be sold unblemished alive.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For it might have occurred to you to think that the priest has no claim on it until the firstling is blemished. It is not, however, the object of the Mishnah that we should deduce therefrom that we may not sell a slaughtered firstling, as we are dealing with the present time and nowadays there is no unblemished slaughtered firstling.');"><sup>56</sup></span>