Temurah 28

Chapter 28

א ולא תיסמי מנחת נסכים ממתני' ולא קשיא כאן בנסכים הבאין עם הזבח כאן בנסכים הבאין בפני עצמן
1 to say that he should not delete the case of drink-offerings [from the above Baraitha],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That drink-offerings are indeed offered by day.');"><sup>1</sup></span> and yet there is no contradiction.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With the text cited above: 'Their meal-offering and drink-offering, which was explained above as meaning that drink-offerings may be offered by night.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב ואי הוה ליה איגרתא מי אפשר למישלחא והא אמר רבי אבא בריה דרבי חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן כותבי הלכות כשורף התורה והלמד מהן אינו נוטל שכר
2 Here,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Baraitha above which includes the case of drink-offerings as being offered by day.');"><sup>3</sup></span> we are dealing with drink-offerings which accompany a sacrifice,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The offering up of a sacrifice rendered the drink-offerings sacred so that they cannot be offered by night, like the sacrifice itself.');"><sup>4</sup></span> while there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The text, 'Their meal-offering etc.'.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ג דרש ר' יהודה בר נחמני מתורגמניה דר"ל כתוב אחד אומר (שמות לד, כז) כתוב לך את הדברים האלה וכתוב אחד אומר (שמות לד, כז) כי על פי הדברים האלה לומר לך דברים שעל פה אי אתה רשאי לאומרן בכתב ושבכתב אי אתה רשאי לאומרן על פה
3 we are dealing with drink-offerings which are brought by themselves.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which were not hallowed by the killing of the sacrifice but were dedicated after the sacrifice had been offered up. In such a case, drink-offerings may be offered for ten days, including the nights.');"><sup>6</sup></span> And if he had found [someone] could he have written the letter? Did not R'Abba the son of R'Hiyya B'Abba report in the name of R'Johanan: Those who write the traditional teachings<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Halachahs, v. Glos.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ד ותנא דבי רבי ישמעאל כתוב לך את הדברים האלה אלה אתה כותב אבל אין אתה כותב הלכות
4 [are punished]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. R. Gershom.');"><sup>8</sup></span> like those who burn the Torah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For it is forbidden to retain oral traditions which have been committed to writing, since they belong to the Oral Law (Rashi) . Another explanation of Rashi: These writings are not saved on Sabbath in case of fire.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ה אמרי דלמא מילתא חדתא שאני דהא רבי יוחנן ור"ל מעייני בסיפרא דאגדתא בשבתא ודרשי הכי (תהלים קיט, קכו) עת לעשות לה' הפרו תורתך אמרי מוטב תיעקר תורה ואל תשתכח תורה מישראל
5 and he who learns from them [the writings] receives no reward. And R'Judah B'Nahman the Meturgeman<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'interpreter'; his Amora who expounded his lectures, v. Glos. s.v. Amora.');"><sup>10</sup></span> of Resh Lakish gave the following [as exposition]: The verse says: Write thou these words<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXXIV, 27.');"><sup>11</sup></span> and then says: For after the tenor of these words,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXXIV, 27.');"><sup>11</sup></span> thus teaching you that matters received as oral traditions you are not permitted to recite from writing and that written things [Biblical passages] you are not permitted to recite from memory.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosaf. asks how then do we recite psalms, and answers that we are only particular as regards the Pentateuch. Furthermore the restriction only applies when we are desirous of acting on behalf of others.');"><sup>12</sup></span> And the Tanna of the School of R'Ishmael taught: Scripture says, 'Write thou these words', implying that 'these' words you may write but you may not write traditional laws!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How therefore could R. Dimi have written down the oral tradition with reference to drink-offerings?');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ו אמר רב פפא השתא דאמרת נסכים הבאין בפני עצמן קריבין אפי' בלילה נזדמנו נסכים בלילה מקדישין בלילה ומקריבין
6 - The answer was given: Perhaps the case is different in regard to a new interpretation.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The analogy quoted above: 'And just as peace-offerings are offered by day etc.' (R. Gershom) . Another explanation (Rashi) : Any new interpretation which reconciles conflicting Baraithas. Sh. Mek. adds: Another version: The answer was given. The Rabbis rely on what they learn, but since there is forgetfulness, they reduce to writing and when the occasion arises they look into the book.');"><sup>14</sup></span> For R'Johanan and Resh Lakish used to peruse the book of Aggadah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Homiletic literature.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ז אמר ליה רב יוסף בריה דרב שמעיה לרב פפא תניא דמסייע לך זה הכלל כל הקרב ביום אינו קדוש אלא ביום וכל הקרב בלילה קדוש (בין ביום בין) בלילה
7 on Sabbaths<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order that the Aggadahs might not be forgotten.');"><sup>16</sup></span> and explained [their attitude] in this manner: [Scripture says:] It is time for the Lord to work, they have made void thy law,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. CXIX, 126. When a thing is done in the name of God it is sometimes necessary to nullify the Law. The reason for the prohibition of reducing to writing oral tradition has so far not been satisfactorily explained. For a full discussion of the problem, as well as an attempt to explain the term halachahs mentioned in this connection, v. Kaplan, J. The Redaction of the Talmud, pp. 261ff.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
ח אמר רב אדא בר אהבה ועלות השחר פוסלת בהן כאברין
8 explaining this as follows: It is better that one letter of th Torah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the passage: 'For after the tenor of these words' which prohibits the committing to writing of oral traditions.');"><sup>18</sup></span> should be uprooted than that the whole Torah should be forgotten.
ט כי אתא רב דימי א"ר יוחנן משום ר"ש בן יהוצדק (במדבר כט, לט) אלה תעשו לה' במועדיכם אלו חובות הבאות חובה ברגל
9 Said R'Papa: Now that you say that drink-offerings which are brought by themselves<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even though dedicated in connection with a sacrifice, they were not offered at the same time as a sacrifice.');"><sup>19</sup></span> are offered even by night, if drink-offerings happen to be at hand by night, we can dedicate them by night<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By placing them in a sacred vessel.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
י לבד מנדריכם ונדבותיכם לימד על נדרים ונדבות שקרבין בחולו של מועד
10 
יא ולעולותיכם במה הכתוב מדבר אי בעולת נדר הרי כבר אמור נדריכם ואי בעולת נדבה הרי כבר אמור ונדבותיכם הא אינו מדבר אלא בעולת יולדת ועולת מצורע
11 and offer them [by night]. Said R'Joseph the son of R'Shema'ia to R'Papa: There is a Baraitha which supports [your dictum]: 'This is the general rule, Whatsoever is offered by day is only dedicated by day, and whatsoever is offered by night is dedicated by night'. Said R'Adda B'Ahaba:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Referring to R. Papa's ruling above that drink-offerings dedicated by night must be offered by night.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
יב ולמנחותיכם במה הכתוב מדבר אי במנחת נדר הרי כבר אמור אי במנחת נדבה הרי כבר אמור הא אינו מדבר אלא במנחת סוטה ובמנחת קנאות
12 And the rise of the morning dawn disqualifies drink-offerings like<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Rashi.');"><sup>22</sup></span> the limbs [of the daily evening sacrifice].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is disqualified at the approach of dawn. Another explanation of R. Adda's ruling (R. Gershom) is as follows: Referring to the Baraitha above which says the limbs and joints go on being consumed all night, R. Adda says: The approach of the time for the bringing of the daily morning sacrifice disqualifies the limbs if they are not consumed by then. But only the actual offering up of the morning sacrifice disqualifies, as then it is already day, but not the mere preparations on the altar for the morning sacrifice.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
יג ולנסכיכם ולשלמיכם מקיש נסכים לשלמים מה שלמים ביום אף נסכים ביום ולשלמיכם לרבות שלמי נזיר
13 When R'Dimi came [from Palestine] he reported that R'Johanan said in the name of R'Simeon B'Jehozadok: [Scripture says:] These things ye shall do unto the Lord in your set feasts:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXIX, 39.');"><sup>24</sup></span> this refers to the obligatory sacrifices which are brought on holy days;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., the festive sacrifice, the offering of appearance before God and the additional festival offerings.');"><sup>25</sup></span>
יד א"ל אביי ולימא מר שלמי פסח דאי שלמי נזיר נידר ונידב הוא
14 beside your vows and your freewill-offerings<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXIX, 39.');"><sup>24</sup></span> teach concerning vows and freewill-offerings that they are offered on the Intermediate Days<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not on the Festival itself, as vows and freewill-offerings cannot be brought on a festival.');"><sup>26</sup></span>
טו דהתניא זה הכלל כל שהוא נידב ונידר קרב בבמת יחיד ושאינו נידב ונידר אינו קרב בבמת יחיד
15 of the Festival; for your burnt-offerings:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXIX, 39.');"><sup>24</sup></span> now of what kind of burnt-offering does the verse speak?
טז ותנן המנחות והנזירות קריבין בבמת יחיד דברי ר"מ סמי מכאן נזירות
16 If of a freewill burnt-offering, is it not already written, 'your freewill-offerings'? And if of a burnt-offering which was vowed, is it not already written, 'your vows'? [The text]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'For your burnt-offerings'.');"><sup>27</sup></span>
יז מי איכא למ"ד דנזיר לאו נידר ונידב הוא והכתיב (שמואל ב טו, ז) מקץ ארבעים שנה ויאמר אבשלום אל המלך אלכה נא ואשלם את נדרי אשר נדרתי לה' בחברון כי נדר נדר עבדך וגו' מאי לאו אקרבן
17 therefore can only refer to the burnt-offerings of a woman brought after childbirth and the burnt-offering of a leper.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which are also offered on the Intermediate Days of the Festival (R. Gershom) .');"><sup>28</sup></span> And for your meal-offerings:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXIX, 39.');"><sup>24</sup></span> now of what kind of meal-offering does the verse speak? If of a freewill meal-offering, is not this already written?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the words, 'your freewill-offerings'.');"><sup>29</sup></span>
יח לא אעיקר נדרו אמר עיקר נדרו בחברון הוה והלא בגשור הוה
18 And if of a meal-offering which was vowed, is not this already written?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the words,'your vows'.');"><sup>30</sup></span> [The text] therefore can only refer to a sinner's meal-offering and a meal-offering of jealousy.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Brought in connection with a woman suspected of infidelity.');"><sup>31</sup></span> And for your drink-offerings and for your peace-offerings<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXIX, 39.');"><sup>24</sup></span>
יט אמר רב אחא ואיתימא רבה בר רב חנן לא הלך אבשלום אלא להביא כבשים מחברון ה"נ מסתברא דאי תימא לאקרובי הוא דאזיל שביק ירושלים ואזיל ומקריב בחברון
19 implies an analogy between drink-offerings and peace-offerings [as follows]: Just as peace-offerings are offered by day so drink-offerings [which accompany a sacrifice] are offered by day.' And for your peace-offerings' includes peace-offerings of a Nazirite.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These also are offered on the Intermediate Days of the Festival (R. Gershom) . Scripture cannot here mean to include freewill peace-offerings, since the text has already said 'your vows'. And if the text is for the purposes of analogy, let Scripture say 'and for peace-offerings'. Why 'and for your peace-offerings?' (Rashi) .');"><sup>32</sup></span> Said Abaye to him: And why not say that the text<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'And for your peace-offerings'.');"><sup>33</sup></span>
כ ואלא מאי להביא כבשים מחברון האי אשר נדרתי לה' בחברון מחברון מיבעי ליה
20 includes peace-offerings of the Passover,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If there was a large company for the paschal lamb so that it would not suffice for all present, peace-offerings were brought with it; and Abaye would learn that if these were set aside for that purpose on the fourteenth of Nisan but were not offered up, they could be offered on the Intermediate Days. For, according to Abaye, there is no need for Scripture to include the case of peace-offerings of a Nazirite, as this can be inferred from the text, 'for your freewill-offerings and your vows', for Naziriteship is the subject of a vow and freewill dedication, whereas peace-offerings in connection with the passover are obligatory sacrifices.');"><sup>34</sup></span>
כא אלא לעולם לאקרובי ודקא קשיא לך אמאי שבק ירושלים ומקריב בחברון תיקשי לך גבעון דמקום קדוש הוא אלא כיון שהותרו הבמות כל היכא דבעי מקריב
21 for if the text includes peace-offerings of a Nazirite, they are sacrifices which are the subject of a vow or a freewill dedication,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For a man can vow to be a Nazirite and after completing the period of Naziriteship he brings his peace-offering.');"><sup>35</sup></span> and we have learnt: 'This is the general rule, Whatsoever is the subject of a vow or a freewill dedication, may be offered on a private bamah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A temporary and improvised altar.');"><sup>36</sup></span>
כב ארבעים שנה למאן תניא רבי נהוראי אומר משום רבי יהושע מקץ ארבעים שנה ששאלו להם מלך דתניא אותה שנה ששאלו להם מלך אותה שנה עשירית של שמואל היתה
22 and whatsoever is not the subject of a vow or a freewill dedication must not be offered on a private bamah'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Meg. 9b.');"><sup>37</sup></span> And it has been taught: 'Meal-offerings and offerings in connection with a Nazirite may be offered on a private bamah'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Zeb. 117b. We consequently see that a Nazirite is the subject of a vow etc. Otherwise one could not offer sacrifices of a Nazirite on a private bamah.');"><sup>38</sup></span> This is the teaching of R'Meir. - Delete<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. insert: Said R. Joseph (v. Sh. Mek.) .');"><sup>39</sup></span> from here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the cited Baraitha.');"><sup>40</sup></span> the case of a Nazirite.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that although a Nazirite is the subject of a vow and a freewill dedication, this does not apply to the sacrifices which a Nazirite has to bring later on, these being obligatory, for the vow of a Nazirite at the outset only has reference to wine and the sacrifices come later automatically.');"><sup>41</sup></span> But is there an authority who holds that a Nazirite is not the subject of a vow or a freewill-offering? Lo, it is written: And it came to pass after forty years that Absalom said to the King, [pray thee let me go and pay my vow which I vowed unto the Lord in Hebron. For thy servant vowed a vow, etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' II Sam. XV, 7.');"><sup>42</sup></span> Now does this not refer to the sacrifice?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Implying that he will go to Hebron and pay his vows there. Now Absalom was a life Nazirite and every year he shaved himself and brought the appropriate sacrifice. Since he went to offer his sacrifice in Hebron where there were private bamahs, we can infer that a Nazirite is the subject of vows and freewill-offerings.');"><sup>43</sup></span> - No, it refers to the vow itself.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The word Hebron in the text means this: I will go to the place of a large bamah i.e., Gibeon and there pay my vows which I made at Hebron. But the text does not mean that Absalom actually fulfilled his vows in Hebron.');"><sup>44</sup></span> 'The vow itself' - was it made in Hebron? Was it not made in Geshur?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since Scripture says: 'For thy servant vowed a vow while I abode at Geshur'.');"><sup>45</sup></span> Said R'Aha, some say Rabbah son of R'Hanan: Absalom only went in order to bring sheep from Hebron.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The sheep there being large and fat and his intention being subsequently to offer them in Gideon on a large bamah. The text therefore does not mean that the vow was made in Hebron, only that he obtained the sheep at Hebron.');"><sup>46</sup></span> So indeed it stands to reason. For if you say that he went to Hebron to offer up, would he leave Jerusalem and go to offer up in Hebron? - Then what do you say? That he went to bring sheep from Hebron? Then why does it say: 'Which I vowed unto the Lord in Hebron'? It ought to say 'from Hebron'! - One can still say that he went to offer in Hebron,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For a Nazirite can offer his sacrifice on a private bamah.');"><sup>47</sup></span> and as regards your difficulty as to why he left Jerusalem and came to offer in Hebron, why not raise this same difficulty with reference to Gibeon which was a holy place?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For in that place there was an altar which Moses made. Why not go there?');"><sup>48</sup></span> This however is the explanation: Once it has become permissible to offer on the bamahs, he can offer wherever he wishes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Absalom therefore went to Hebron and saw the sheep, and being there, he decided to offer in the same place (Wilna Gaon) . The Rabbis who differ from R. Meir, however, hold that a Nazirite is not the subject of vows and therefore Absalom went to Hebron for the sheep but the actual offering was in Gibeon, on a large bamah (Tosaf) . R. Dimi therefore who includes peace-offerings in connection with a Nazirite, agrees with the Rabbis who hold that a Nazirite is not the subject of vows and the Baraitha quoted above is the opinion of R. Meir.');"><sup>49</sup></span> It says: 'After forty years'. Forty years from what? - R'Nehorai reported in the name of R'Joshua: Forty years from when [the Israelites] asked for a king. For it has been taught: The year in which the Israelites asked for a king was the tenth year of Samuel's leadership.