Temurah 33

Chapter 33

א לגזוז וליעבד ר' יוסי בר' יהודה אומר עשה שוגג כמזיד בתמורה ולא עשה שוגג כמזיד במוקדשין
1 SO AS TO BE SHEARED [OF ITS WOOL] AND WORKED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But it has the law of dedications whose consecration was prior to the blemish, when only the eating of it is permissible, whereas in the case of originally dedicated animals, if the blemish came before the dedication, the animal becomes hullin after redemption and may be shorn and worked.');"><sup>1</sup></span> R'JOSE SON OF R'JUDAH SAYS: AN EXCHANGE IN ERROR IS PUT ON A LEVEL WITH AN INTENTIONAL [EXCHANGE], BUT A DEDICATION IN ERROR IS NOT PUT ON A LEVEL WITH AN INTENTIONAL [DEDICATION]. R'ELEAZAR<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec.: R. Eliezer.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב ר' אלעזר אומר הכלאי' והטרפה והיוצא דופן וטומטום ואנדרוגינוס לא קדושין ולא מקדישין
2 SAYS: KIL'AYIM,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra ');"><sup>3</sup></span> TREFAH, A FOETUS EXTRACTED BY MEANS OF A CESAREAN SECTION, A TUMTUM AND A HERMAPHRODITE, NEITHER BECOME SACRED NOR CAN THEY CAUSE DEDICATION.
ג <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מ"ט דר' יוסי בר' יהודה אמר קרא יהיה קודש לרבות שוגג כמזיד
3 <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>What is the reason of R'Jose son of R'Judah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who says in the Mishnah that an exchange in error is on a par with an intentional exchange, unlike the case of a dedication.');"><sup>4</sup></span> Scripture says: Shall be holy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVII, 33.');"><sup>5</sup></span> thus including the case of an exchange in error as on a level with an intentional [exchange].
ד ה"ד שוגג כמזיד אמר חזקיה כסבור שהוא מותר להמיר גבי תמורה לקי גבי קדשי' לא לקי
4 How is [an exchange] in error being on a level with an intentional [exchange] to be understood? - Said Hezekiah: Where he has a [mistaken] opinion that it is permissible to exchange. Now in the case of exchange he is punishable [with lashes]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since Scripture says: 'shall be holy', thus including the case of exchange even in error.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ה לישנא אחרינא גבי תמורה קדיש גבי קדשים לא קדיש
5 whereas in the case of dedications he is not punishable [with lashes].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For we do not find the punishment of lashes except in regard to a wilful act preceded by a warning. But if one wilfully consecrated a permanently blemished animal, he is guilty of breaking five prohibitory laws as stated in Chap. I.');"><sup>7</sup></span> Another version: In the case of exchange, the substitute is holy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to this version there is no punishment of lashes in connection with an exchange if effected in error.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ו ר"ל ור' יוחנן אמרי כסבור לומר תמורת עולה ואמר תמורת שלמים לישנא אחרינא גבי תמורת שלמים קדיש גבי קדשים לא קדיש
6 whereas in the case of dedications, there is no holiness. R'Johanan<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So with Sh. Mek. Cur. edd.: Resh Lakish and R. Johanan.');"><sup>9</sup></span> says: Where he intended making an exchange with a burnt-offering and he made the exchange with a peace-offering,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Explaining in what circumstances an error in exchange is on a par with an intentional exchange.');"><sup>10</sup></span> [or where he intended making an exchange with a peace-offering and he made the exchange with a burnt-offering].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Sh. Mek. for the correct reading of this passage.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ז ל"א כסבור לומר שחור ואמר לבן גבי תמורה לקי גבי קדשים לא לקי
7 Now in the case of exchange the animal becomes holy, whereas in the case of dedications it is not holy.
ח ר' יוחנן אמר באומר תצא זו ותיכנס זו גבי קדשים (באומר) שנולד בהם מום נאכלין בלא פדיון לא לקי גבי תמורה לקי
8 Another version:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Giving the circumstances of an exchange in error which is unlike the case of dedications.');"><sup>12</sup></span> Where he intended saying a black [ox]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Which first left my house shall be exchanged in place of this animal'.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ט רב ששת אמר באומר אכנס לבית זה ואקדיש ואמיר מדעתי ונכנס והמיר והקדיש שלא מדעתו גבי תמורה לקי גבי קדשים לא לקי
9 and he said a white [ox]. In the case of exchange, he is punishable [with lashes],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he makes use of it. For Scripture by the text 'shall be' reveals that an exchange even in error is valid.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
י ר"א אומר הכלאים והטרפה וכו' אמר שמואל לא קדושין בתמורה ולא מקדישין לעשות תמורה
10 whereas in the case of dedications, he is not punishable [with lashes].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the animal is blemished and unfit for the altar.');"><sup>15</sup></span> Resh Lakish says:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Sh. Mek; cur. edd. R. Johanan.');"><sup>16</sup></span> Where he thought<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Bah; cur. edd. 'said'.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
יא תניא אמר ר' מאיר ומאחר שאין קדושין מהיכן מקדישין אלא אי אתה מוצא אלא במקדיש בהמה ואח"כ נטרפה במקדיש ולד ויצא [דרך] דופן אבל כלאים וטומטום ואנדרוגינוס אי אתה מוצא אלא בולדי קדשים ואליבא דרבי יהודה דאמר הולד עושה תמורה
11 that the one animal can be quit of holiness<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He knew that exchanging was forbidden but he thought the first dedicated animal became hullin after the exchanging, as if it had become blemished (Rashi) .');"><sup>18</sup></span> while the other [the exchanged animal] enters into holiness. Similarly with reference to dedications, where he thought that if a blemish shows itself in dedicated animals they are eaten without redemption.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He knew that dedicated animals are forbidden to be eaten by non-priests but imagined that, if blemished, they could be eaten without redemption.');"><sup>19</sup></span> - Now in the case of exchange<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where he was under the impression that the first animal became hullin after being exchanged.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
יב אמר רב פפא מ"ט דר' אליעזר כבהמה טמאה מה בהמה טמאה לא קרבה ולא נחתא לה קדושת הגוף אף הנך לא קרבי ולא נחתא להו קדושת הגוף
12 he is punishable [with lashes],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For one is punishable with lashes in the case of exchanging even if in error.');"><sup>21</sup></span> whereas in the case of dedications he is not punishable [with lashes]. R'Shesheth says: Where he says, 'I shall enter this house, dedicate and exchange with full knowledge [of what I am doing]', and then he entered, exchanged and dedicated without knowing it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Being an absent-minded man who sometimes forgot what he said (Rashi) . Tosaf. explains as follows: 'When I enter this house this animal shall be an exchange for this and that animal shall be dedicated with my full knowledge'. He entered, exchanged and dedicated without saying anything at all when he entered or thinking of what he had said previously. Therefore the exchange and the dedication took place without him knowing it.');"><sup>22</sup></span>
יג אמר ליה רב פפא לרבא והרי בעל מום דלא קריב ונחתא ליה קדושת הגוף א"ל בעל מום קרב במינו א"ה טרפה נמי קא קרבה במינה
13 Now as regards the exchanging, he is punishable [with lashes],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For Scripture says that an exchange in error is on a level with an intentional exchange.');"><sup>23</sup></span> whereas as regards the dedications, he is not punishable with lashes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And if he dedicated a blemished animal for the altar, he is not punishable with lashes, for it was a mistaken dedication.');"><sup>24</sup></span> R'ELEAZAR SAYS: KIL'AYIM, TREFAH etc. Said Samuel: They are neither holy as regards exchange,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Exchange takes no effect on these animals, for although exchange takes effect upon a blemished animal, rendering it consecrated as such, nevertheless these cases mentioned in the Mishnah are different. There is certainly no consecration as such in the cases of trefah, kil'ayim, etc., as they are only holy for their value, like wood or stones and do not require redemption.');"><sup>25</sup></span> nor can they confer holiness through exchange [on others].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If they themselves are holy, one cannot exchange an animal for them.');"><sup>26</sup></span> It was taught, Rabbi<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Sh. Mek; cur. edd. 'R. Meir'.');"><sup>27</sup></span>
יד אלא אמר רבא כבהמה טמאה מה בהמה טמאה פסול הגוף אף כל פסול הגוף לאפוקי בעל מום דפסול חסרון נינהו
14 said: But since they are not holy themselves, how can they confer holiness? This is possible only in the case where one dedicated an animal<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Holiness taking effect on it.');"><sup>28</sup></span>
טו א"ל רב אדא לרבא והלא (ויקרא כב, כג) שרוע וקלוט כתיב בפרשה והא הני פסול הגוף נינהו
15 and it afterwards became trefah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Mishnah therefore informs us that although it is holy, it cannot effect exchange.');"><sup>29</sup></span> or dedicated an embryo [in its mother's womb] and it was extracted through the cesarean section.
טז אלא אמר רבא כבהמה [טמאה] מה בהמה טמאה דליכא במינה אף כל דליכא במינה לאפוקי בעל מום דהא איכא במינה
16 But with regard to kil'ayim, tumtum and a hermaphrodite, you cannot explain these cases except with reference to embryos of dedicated animals.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which were consecrated in virtue of their mother before pregnancy. They are then obviously holy, like the limb of the mother. In these cases the Mishnah informs us that they do not effect exchange.');"><sup>30</sup></span> And this accords with the view of R'Judah who said: An offspring of a dedicated animal can effect exchange!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With other offspring of dedicated animals. There is therefore need for a Mishnah to inform us with reference to tumtum etc. that although they are holy through their mother they cannot effect exchange, in spite of the fact that R. Judah holds elsewhere that the offspring of a dedicated animal effects exchange.');"><sup>31</sup></span>
יז מאי אמרת טרפה איכא במינה לא דמיא לבעל מום בהמה טמאה אסורה באכילה וטרפה אסורה באכילה לאפוקי בעל מום דמותר באכילה
17 Said Raba:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Sh. Mek.; cur. edd. 'R. Papa'.');"><sup>32</sup></span> What is the reason of R'Eleazar? - They are like an unclean animal.
יח אמר שמואל המקדיש את הטריפה צריכה מום קבוע לפדות עליו ש"מ פודין את הקדשים להאכילן לכלבים
18 Just as an unclean animal is not offered and bodily consecration cannot attach to it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It can be consecrated only in respect of its monetary value.');"><sup>33</sup></span> so these [are not offered] and no bodily consecration attaches to them. Said [R'Adda B'Ahaba] to Raba:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Sh. Mek.');"><sup>34</sup></span> But is there not the case of a blemished animal which is not offered and yet there attaches to it bodily consecration?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By means of exchange, if the dedication was prior to the blemish. This animal too whose dedication came before it became trefah should effect exchange, and if it became trefah when hullin should also become holy if exchanged for a dedicated animal.');"><sup>35</sup></span>
יט אלא אימא עושה קדושה (למיתה כסבור מותר להקדיש בעלי מומין לגבי מזבח גבי תמורה קדיש גבי קדשים לא קדיש) למות ור' אושעיא אומר אינה אלא כמקדיש עצים ואבנים בלבד
19 - A blemished animal belongs to the category [of animals] which are offered up.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., other unblemished animals, and therefore it receives consecration as such through exchange. An animal which was extracted by means of the cesarean section is almost a species by itself and is not in the category of ordinary animals. The other four cases, kil'ayim, tumtum, etc. also do not belong to the category of animals which are offered up and, according to Tosaf., almost belong to a different species.');"><sup>36</sup></span> If this is so,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the reason why exchange takes effect on a blemished animal is because it belongs to a category of animals which is offered up.');"><sup>37</sup></span> what of trefah which also belongs to a category which is offered?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., of other animals which are not trefah and therefore should be subject to the law of exchange.');"><sup>38</sup></span> Rather said Raba:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the reason why a blemished animal is different from the cases mentioned in the Mishnah is that etc.');"><sup>39</sup></span>
כ תנן כל הקדשים שנעשו טרפה אין פודין אותן לפי שאין פודין הקדשים להאכילן לכלבים טעמא שנעשו הא היו מעיקרא פודין אותן דלמא האי תנא סבר כל היכא דלא חזי לגופה לא נחתא לה קדושת הגוף
20 It resembles an unclean animal. Just as an unclean animal is disqualified on account of the condition of its body, so all these cases<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tumtum, etc.');"><sup>40</sup></span> are disqualified on account of the condition of the body,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The cases of kil'ayim, tumtum etc. are totally disqualified bodily and there is no dedication of the animal at all.');"><sup>41</sup></span> thus excluding the case of a blemished animal which is disqualified in virtue of a [mere] deficiency.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not the condition of the whole body.');"><sup>42</sup></span> Said R'Adda to Raba: Are there not the cases of anything too long or too short<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXII, 23.');"><sup>43</sup></span>
כא תא שמע רבי אלעזר אומר הכלאים ויוצא דופן וטריפה וטומטום ואנדרוגינוס לא קדושין ולא מקדישין ואמר שמואל לא קדושין בתמורה ולא מקדישין לעשות תמורה
21 mentioned in the Scriptural passage and these are disqualifications of the [whole] body?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Too short' or 'too long' are bodily disqualifications.');"><sup>44</sup></span> Rather said Raba:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reason why a blemished animal is subject to the law of exchange. (12) And therefore should be exchanged.');"><sup>45</sup></span> It must be like an unclean animal [as follows]: Just as in the case of an unclean animal there is none [offered] in the same category [and it is not subject to the law of exchange], so in all cases where there is none [offered] in the same category [the law of exchange is not applicable], thus excluding a blemished animal, since there are [other animals offered] from the same category. Will you perhaps object that a trefah too has [other animals which are offered] from the same category?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reason why a blemished animal is subject to the law of exchange. (12) And therefore should be exchanged.');"><sup>45</sup></span>
כב ותניא אמר רבי מאיר וכי מאחר שאין קדושין מהיכן מקדישין אלא אי אתה מוצא אלא במקדיש בהמה ואח"כ נטרפה הא היתה טרפה מעיקרא לא נחתא ליה קדושת הגוף
22 [I answer that] it [a trefah animal] is not on a par with the ca of a blemished animal. An unclean animal is forbidden to be eaten and a trefah is also forbidden to be eaten, to the exclusion of a blemished animal which is permitted to be eaten. Said Samuel: If one has dedicated a trefah, a permanent blemish is required in order to redeem it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If one wishes to redeem it, for Samuel holds that it is capable of dedication as such.');"><sup>46</sup></span> Can you not prove from here that one may redeem dedicated animals in order to give dogs to eat?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And we learn (infra 31a) that one cannot redeem dedicated animals in order to give dogs to eat, but they are left to die and then buried.');"><sup>47</sup></span> - Rather say: It is dedicated in that it is left to die.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But it is holy bodily, and even after redemption it must not be shorn or worked. And even if blemished, it is not redeemed in order to be given to the dogs to eat.');"><sup>48</sup></span> R'Oshaia however says: It is only like dedicating wood and stones.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is not called a dedication at all and therefore can be redeemed to be given to the dogs to eat, no permanent blemish being required to make redemption permissible.');"><sup>49</sup></span> We learnt: We must not redeem dedicated animals which became trefah because we must not redeem dedicated animals in order to give dogs to eat. The reason<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why we must not redeem a dedicated animal that has become trefah.');"><sup>50</sup></span> is therefore because they became trefah; but if they were trefah at the beginning<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before its dedication.');"><sup>51</sup></span> we may redeem them?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' We therefore see that if one dedicated a trefah it can be redeemed in order to give dogs to eat, unlike the view of Samuel.');"><sup>52</sup></span> - Perhaps this Tanna [of the Mishnah] holds: Wherever [the animal] is not fit [for offering] there does not rest upon it bodily dedication.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since therefore there is no holiness as such in connection with trefah, it may be redeemed.');"><sup>53</sup></span> Come and hear: R'ELEAZAR SAYS, KIL'AYIM, TREFAH, A FOETUS EXTRACTED BY MEANS OF A CESAREAN SECTION, A TUMTUM AND A HERMAPHRODITE ARE NEITHER HOLY NOR CAN THEY CONFER HOLINESS. And<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra on this page of the Gemara and v. notes.');"><sup>54</sup></span> Samuel said: 'They are not holy' [means] to receive holiness of an exchange.' Nor can they confer holiness' [means] to effect exchange. And it has been taught: Said Rabbi, But since they are not holy themselves, how can they confer holiness [on others]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 118, and notes.');"><sup>55</sup></span> You cannot therefore explain this except as referring to where one dedicated an animal and it afterwards became trefah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 118, and notes.');"><sup>56</sup></span> [Now the reason is because the animal was dedicated first and then it became trefah], but if it was a trefah from the beginning [before the dedication], bodily consecration would not attach to it!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unlike the view of Samuel above.');"><sup>57</sup></span>