Temurah 39

Chapter 39

א ולפסחו ולאשמו עושה תמורה

1 for his Passover sacrifice or for his guilt-offering, the [animal] can effect exchange.1

ב רבי שמעון אומר לעולתו עושה תמורה לפסחו ולאשמו אין עושה תמורה

2 R'Simeon Says: [The female animal set aside] for his burnt-offering effects exchange,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because (i) it is not an obligatory sacrifice (R. Gershom) and also (ii) it has the name of a burnt-offering, since a bird can be a burnt-offering even though a female (Rashi) .');">2 but that which he sets aside for his Passover sacrifice or guilt-offering cannot effect exchange,3

ג שאין לך דבר עושה תמורה אלא הרועה להסתאב

ד אמר רבי אין אני רואה דבריו של ר"ש בפסח הואיל ומותר הפסח קרב שלמים

4 since there is no [animal] which can effect exchange except that which pastures until unfit for sacrifice.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A female animal designated as a Passover or a guilt-offering is sold even without a blemish and therefore does not effect exchange; whereas a female animal designated as a burnt-offering, since the name of a burnt-offering is found in connection with a female bird, pastures until it becomes unfit and therefore effects exchange (Rashi) .');">4 Said Rabbi: I do not approve of the opinion of R'Simeon with reference to a Passover sacrifice,5

ה ולימא אין אני רואה דבריו של ר' שמעון באשם הואיל ומותר אשם קרב עולה רבי סבר לה כרבנן דאמרי מותרות לנדבת ציבור אזלי ואין תמורה בצבור

5 since unused [money or animals] dedicated for the Passover is offered as peace-offerings.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Consequently as a Passover sacrifice has some connection with peace-offerings and the latter can be females, therefore although this particular animal cannot be offered as a Passover sacrifice, we consider that it has the name of peace- offering and thus can effect exchange');">6 And why does he not Say: I do not approve of the opinion of R'Simeon in connection with a guilt-offering, since an unused guilt-offering is offered as a burnt-offering?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' We therefore find that this female guilt-offering is a burnt-offering and it would therefore be holy as such and effect exchange, like a female burnt-offering, for we have the case of a female burnt-offering in connection with birds (Rashi) .');">7 - Rabbi holds the opinion of the Rabbis who say: The surpluses [of sacrificial appropriation] belong to the freewill-offerings of the congregation8 and the congregation cannot effect exchange.9

ו קס"ד היינו טעמא דר"ש גבי מפריש נקבה לעולתו משום הכי עושה תמורה דהאיכא שם עולה עליה גבי עולת העוף

6 Now it is assumed that the reason why R'Simeon holds that a female set aside as a burnt-offering can effect exchange is because a female has the name of burnt-offering [in the case of a poor man who brings]10 a burnt-offering of a bird.

ז אלא מעתה בכהן גדול שהפריש פרה לפרו תיקדוש דהאיכא פרת חטאת קדשי בדק הבית הוא וקדשי בדק הבית לא עבדי תמורה

7 According to this a cow set aside by a High Priest for his [sacrificial] bullock,11 should become holy and effect exchange, since we have the case of the cow of sin-offering?12

ח יחיד שהפריש שעיר לשעירתו תיקדוש דהאיכא שעיר נשיא אי נמי נשיא שהפריש שעירה לשעירו תיקדוש דהא יחיד מפריש שעירה

8 - The cow of sin-offering is regarded as a dedication for Temple repairs13 and a dedication for Temple repairs cannot effect exchange.

ט הני תרי גופי נינהו

9 Then if an individual sets aside a goat instead of a she-goat14

י חטאו עד שלא נתמנו כי מפריש שעיר לשעירתו תיקדוש דהא אילו חטא השתא בר איתויי שעיר הוא הא לא חטא לא איחייב בשעיר

10 [for his sin-offering], let it become holy,15 since we find elsewhere the case of a 'ruler' who sets aside a goat for a sin-offering?16

יא אי הכי הכא נמי הא לאו עולת העוף קמייתי

11 Or, again, if a 'ruler' sets aside a she-goat instead of a goat [as a sin-offering], let it become holy, since elsewhere an individual sets aside a she-goat [for a sin-offering]? - These are two Separate persons [bodies].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., an individual and a 'ruler', and therefore we do not draw a comparison between them, whereas here an individual can set aside a female animal for his burnt-offering and it becomes holy and effects exchange, because if he, the same person, wished he could renounce his property in order to become a poor man and thus be able legally to bring a female bird for his burnt-offering.');">17 But if he sinned before he was a 'ruler', even if he set aside a go in place of a she-goat, let it become holy [and effect exchange] since, if he sinned now, [after his appointment]18

יב ר"ש סבר לה כר' אלעזר בן עזריה דתנן הרי עלי עולה יביא כבש ר"א בן עזריה אומר או תור או בני יונה

12 he brings a goat?19 - Here,20 [it is different,1 for] since he did not sin [as a 'ruler'], he is required to bring a goat.

יג תנן התם המקדיש נכסיו והיה בהן בהמה ראויה לגבי מזבח זכרים ונקבות

13 If so, here too,22 he does not [actually] bring a burnt-offering of a bird?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For a rich man who is required to set aside an animal for his burnt-offering cannot bring a bird which is a poor man's offering. Therefore a female animal set aside for a burnt-offering should not become consecrated as such and thus should not effect exchange.');">23

יד ר"א אומר זכרים ימכרו לצרכי עולות ונקבות ימכרו לצרכי שלמים ודמיהן יפלו עם שאר נכסים לבדק הבית

14 - R'Simeon24 holds the opinion of R'Eleazar B'Azariah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the unspecified freewill-offering even of a rich man can be the burnt-offering of a bird. Consequently, a female animal dedicated as a burnt-offering has the name of a burnt-offering.');">25

טו ר' יהושע אומר זכרים עצמן יקרבו עולות ונקבות ימכרו לצרכי שלמים ויביא בדמיהן עולות ושאר נכסים יפלו לבדק הבית

15 For we have learnt: [If one says] 'Behold, I take upon myself to bring a burnt-offering',26 he brings a sheep,27

טז א"ל ר' חייא בר אבא לרבי יוחנן לרבי יהושע דאמר זכרים עצמן יקרבו עולות ונקבות היכי מקרבן שלמים הא מכח קדושה דחוייה קאתיין

16 whereas R'Eleazar B'Azariah says: Or a turtle-dove or a pigeon.28 We have learnt elsewhere: If one dedicates his property [for Temple repairs] and there are animals29

יז ל"א א"ל ר' חייא בר אבא לרבי יוחנן מדקאמר ר' יהושע זכרים עצמן יקרבו עולות למימרא דקדושת הגוף אקדשינהו אי הכי נקבות אמאי ימכרו לצרכי שלמים בעיא רעייה

17 among them fit for the altar [i.e., unblemished], males and females, R'Eliezer says: The males shall be sold as burnt-offerings and the females shall be sold as peace-offerings, and their money together with the rest of the property shall go for Temple repairs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For R. Eliezer holds that dedications are usually for Temple repairs, even of things fit for the altar. Nevertheless, whatever is suitable for the altar must be given up to the altar.');">30 R'Joshua, however, says: The males themselves are offered as burnt-offerings,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One does not ignore animals fit for the altar and dedicate them for Temple repairs. Consequently we assume that they were dedicated for the altar and they themselves are offered up.');">31 the females are sold as peace-offerings, burnt-offerings32 are bought with their money and the rest of the property is applied for Temple repairs. Said R'Hiyya B'Abba to R'Johanan: According to the opinion of R'Joshua, who said that the males are themselves offered as burnt-offerings, how can the females be offered as peace-offerings, seeing that their status is that of cancelled holiness?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the males are offered as burnt-offerings and the money of the female animals is for burnt-offerings, presumably he holds that he dedicated them all for burnt-offerings. But a female animal dedicated as a burnt-offering must pasture, as stated above, its holiness as a burnt-offering having been cancelled (supra 18a) . How then can they be offered as peace-offerings?');">33

יח אמר ליה רבי יהושע סבר לה כרבי שמעון דאמר כל מידי דלא חזי ליה לגופיה לא נחתא ליה קדושת הגוף דתנן רבי שמעון אומר תמכר שלא במום (ולא א"ר שמעון) כיון דלא חזיא נקבה לאשם לא נחתא ליה קדושת הגוף

18 Another version: Said R'Hiyya B'Abba to R'Johanan: Since R'Joshua Says, The males are themselves offered as burnt-offerings, does this mean to say that he dedicated them in respect of bodily dedication? If so, why are the females sold for peace-offerings? Do not [the females] require to pasture? - He [R'Johanan] answered him: R'Joshua agrees with R'Simeon who says: Anything which is not fit [for offering] is not subject to bodily dedication.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And similarly here the female animals are not fit to be offered as burnt-offerings and therefore they have no bodily holiness which would make it requisite for them to pasture until unfit for sacrifice, but they are sold.');">34 For we have learnt: R'SIMEON SAYS: IT SHALL BE SOLD WITHOUT [WAITING FOR] A BLEMISH.

יט אימור דא"ר שמעון גבי נקבה לאשם

19 And we explained that the reason of R'Simeon is that since the female animal is not fit for a guilt-offering, it is not subject to bodily dedication. Here35 too36 since a female animal is not fit for a burnt-offering, it is not subject to bodily dedication.37 But does not R'Simeon's teaching refer only to a case where one sets aside a female animal for a guilt-offering

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