Temurah 53

Chapter 53

א (ויקרא יג, כג) ואם תחתיה תעמוד הבהרת
1 But if the bright spot stay tahteha in its place;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' , 'standing in its place'; this is exactly what happens in the case of exchange, the dedicated animal remaining holy.');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב דאחולי דכתיב (ישעיהו ס, יז) תחת הנחושת אביא זהב והלכך גבי קדשי מזבח דעבדין תמורה לישנא דאתפוסי הוא גבי קדשי בדק הבית דלא עבדין תמורה לישנא דאחולי הוא
2 and [in the sense] of redeeming, as it says: For [tahat] the brass I will bring gold.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. LX, 17. In place of the brass which they stole, I will bring gold. And this is what redeeming does, transferring the holiness of this animal to the other.');"><sup>2</sup></span> [This being the case, the matter was left in the hand of the Sages.]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Sages were therefore to decide where 'tahath' had the meaning of redeeming and where it had the meaning of occupying the place of. The bracketed words are inserted with Sh. Mek.');"><sup>3</sup></span> With regard to dedications for the altar which can effect exchange, ['tahath'] has the meaning of occupying the place of, whereas with regard to dedications for Temple repairs which do not effect exchange, ['tahath'] has the meaning of redeeming.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Therefore in the Baraitha above, since it deals with dedications for Temple repairs, tahath has the meaning of redeeming.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ג אמר רבא אפילו בקדשי מזבח משכחת לה לישנא דאחולי הוא כגון שהיה הקדש בעל מום
3 Raba said: Even in connection with dedication for the altar [the word 'tahath' sometimes] has the sense of redeeming, as e.g. , where the dedicated [animal] was blemished.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Raba explaining the clause in the Mishnah: And if the dedicated animal was blemished, it becomes hullin, as referring also to the first clause: Behold this is tahath (instead of) this (R. Gershom) .');"><sup>5</sup></span> Said R'Ashi: Even in connection with a blemished dedicated animal [tahath sometimes] has the sense of redeeming and sometimes has the sense of occupying the place of, [as follows]: [If he placed] his hand on a dedicated [blemished] animal,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And says: This animal of hullin shall be tahath (instead of) this dedicated animal (R. Gershom) .');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ד א"ר אשי אפילו בבעל מום נמי משכחת לה לישנא דאחולי ומשכחת לישנא דאתפוסי ידו אקודש חול הוי ידו אחול קודש הוה
4 the animal becomes hullin,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since he certainly intended to redeem the dedicated animal.');"><sup>7</sup></span> [but if he placed] his hand on an animal of hullin,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And says: This animal of hullin shall be tahath (instead of) this dedicated animal. By placing his hand on the hullin, he shows that he meant to effect exchange, for if he intended to redeem, he would have placed his hands on the dedicated animal.');"><sup>8</sup></span> it becomes dedicated.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since one cannot effect exchange even with a blemished dedicated animal. The dedicated animal therefore remains holy in accordance with the law of exchange.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ה בעי אביי היו לפניו שתי בהמות של קדש בעלות מום ושתי בהמות של חולין תמימות ואמר הרי אלו תחת אלו מהו
5 Abaye inquired: What is the ruling if there were two dedicated blemished animals before him and two unblemished animals of hullin, and he says, Let these be tahath [in place of] these?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And he did not place his hand either here or there.');"><sup>10</sup></span> Did<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is the reading in Rashi and is mentioned in Wilna Gaon Glosses.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ו מי אמר לאתפוסי ולקי או דלמא כל היכא דאיכא היתרא לא שביק איניש היתרא ועביד איסורא
6 he intend to substitute them [the former], or did he intend to redeem them [with the Iatter]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The same inquiry could have been made with reference to one dedicated blemished animal and one unblemished animal of hullin where he says: Let this be tahath (instead of) this. But since later on the inquiry particularly refers to two animals, the case of two animals is also mentioned here. R. Gershom and the text in cur. edd. have the following reading: Do we say that he means to substitute (i.e., to effect exchange with these animals and there will thus be two transgressions of the prohibitory law) , or perhaps where there exists a way which is permissible, a man would not abandon that which is permitted and do what is forbidden (and consequently he means here to redeem the dedicated animal with the animals of hullin, the latter thus becoming holy in place of the former) .');"><sup>12</sup></span> And if you say that where there exists a legitimate way, a man will not abandon what is permitted and do what is forbidden,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since in connection with exchange there is the prohibition of 'nor change it', and therefore we say that his intention was to redeem.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ז ואת"ל כל היכא דאיכא היתרא לא שביק איניש ועביד איסורא היו לפניו שתי בהמות של קודש ואחת מהן בעלת מום ושתי בהמות של חולין ואחת מהן בעלת מום ואמר הרי אלו תחת אלו מהו
7 what is the ruling if he had two dedicated animals before him, one of which was blemished, and two animals of hullin, one of which was blemished, and he said, Let these be tahath [instead of] these?
ח מי אמר תמימה תחת תמימה לאתפוסי בעלת מום תחת בעלת מום לאחולי
8 Did he mean: The unblemished in place of the unblemished, in the sense of being substituted,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One animal must have been meant to effect exchange, since one dedicated animal is unblemished, and we have learnt above that unblemished dedications for the altar are meant to be used as exchange.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ט או דלמא תמימה דחולין תחת בעלת מום דהקדש בעלת מום דחולין תחת תמימה דהקדש ותרוייהו לקי
9 and the blemished animal of hullin in place of the dedicated blemished animal, in the sense of being redeemed?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it cannot be meant in the sense of exchanging, as one cannot effect exchange when both animals are blemished (bad) , since Scripture speaks only of 'bad for good' or 'good for bad', but not when both are bad.');"><sup>15</sup></span> Or perhaps the unblemished animal of hullin in place of the blemished dedicated animal, and the blemished animal of hullin in place of the unblemished dedicated animal and, in both cases, there is a punishment of lashes?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The prohibition of 'nor change it'.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
י ואם תמצי לומר כל היכא דאיכא היתירא לא עביד איסורא ולאחולי הוא ולא לקי היו לפניו שלש בהמות של קדש ואחת מהן בעלת מום ושלשה בהמות. של חולין תמימות ואמר הרי אלו תחת אלו
10 And if you say that wherever there exists a legitimate way, a man will not do what is forbidden, and therefore he means to redeem and there is no punishment of lashes, what is the ruling if there were three dedicated animals before him, one of which was blemished, and three unblemished animals of hullin, and he says, Behold these shall be instead of these?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For although we have said above that a man will not abandon what is permitted and do what is forbidden, there is still ground for inquiry in this case, since one can maintain that we follow the majority, and as two of the unblemished dedicated animals were certainly meant to be exchanged, the third blemished dedicated animal can also be regarded as being for the same purpose, i.e., exchange, although thereby there is the infringing of a prohibition.');"><sup>17</sup></span> Do we say, since [when he says] 'these two unblemished animals instead of the unblemished animals', he means they are to be substituted,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As an exchange.');"><sup>18</sup></span> so [when he says] 'the unblemished animal of hullin instead of the dedicated blemished animal' [he also means], they are to be substituted?
יא מי אמרינן מדתמימות תחת תמימות לאתפוסי תמימות נמי תחת בעלת מום לאתפוסי או דלמא הכא נמי כל היכא דאיכא היתירא לא עביד איסורא וההיא בתרייתא לאחולי הוי
11 Or perhaps here too [we apply the principle that] wherever there exists a legitimate way, a man will not do what is forbidden, and therefore in the latter case,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where he says 'the unblemished animal shall be instead of the blemished dedicated animal'.');"><sup>19</sup></span>
יב ואם תימצי לומר הכא נמי כיון דאכתי גברא לא איתחזק באיסורי לא שביק התירא ועביד איסורא בעי רב אשי היו לפניו ארבע בהמות של קדש ואחת מהן בעלת מום וארבע בהמות של חולין ואמר הרי אלו תחת אלו מהו
12 he meant to redeem? And if you say that here too, since nevertheless there is no presumption against this man as regards prohibitions,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the breaking in a particular case of three prohibitions and not two, causes a man to be suspected in that connection.');"><sup>20</sup></span> [we say that a man] would not abandon what is permitted and do what is forbidden, R'Ashi inquired: What is the ruling if one had four dedicated animals before him, one of which was blemished, and four unblemished animals of hullin, and he says: Let these be instead of these? Here [in this case] since there is certainly a presumptio against the man as regards prohibitions,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since there were three unblemished dedicated animals, he could not have intended to redeem.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
יג הכא ודאי כיון דאיתחזק גברא באיסורי (בכולן) לקי בארבע מלקיות
13 do we say that he is therefore punishable four times with lashes,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As we maintain that the blemished dedicated animal was also meant for exchange.');"><sup>22</sup></span>
יד או דלמא אע"ג דאיתחזק באיסורא לא שביק איניש היתירא ועביד איסורא והוי בתרייתא לאחולי הוי תיקו
14 or perhaps although there is a presumption against him as regards prohibitions, [do we say that a man] will not abandon what is permitted and do what is forbidden and therefore the last animal<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the blemished dedicated animal.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
טו אם היתה הקדש בעל מום יצא לחולין כו'
15 was meant to be redeemed? - Let it stand undecided.
טז א"ר יוחנן יצא לחולין דבר תורה וצריך לעשות דמים מדבריהם ור"ל אמר אף צריך לעשות דמים דבר תורה
16 AND IF THE DEDICATED ANIMAL WAS BLEMISHED, IT BECOMES HULLIN etc. Said R'Johanan: Its becoming hullin is an ordinance of the Biblical law,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Like the law of dedications which became unfit for the altar, and which are redeemed.');"><sup>24</sup></span> whereas his being required to make up [the hullin] to the value [of the dedication] is an ordinance of the Rabbinical law.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since Scripture says: 'Ye shall not wrong one another' (Lev. XXV, 14) implying, one another, thus excluding hekdesh (consecrated property) from the laws of overreaching.');"><sup>25</sup></span> Resh Lakish, however, says that his having to make up [the hullin] to the value [of the dedicated animal] is also according to the Biblical law. Now with what kind of case are we dealing here?
יז במאי עסקינן אי נימא אאונאה בהא נימא ר"ל אף צריך לעשות דמים [דבר תורה]
17 Shall we say that this refers to overreaching?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where hekdesh was overreached only by a sixth and the difference in the value between the hullin and hekdesh must be returned.');"><sup>26</sup></span> But will Resh Lakish ho]d in such a case that he must make up [the hullin] to the value of a dedicated animal in accordance with Biblical law?
יח והא תנן אלו דברים שאין להם אונאה העבדים והשטרות והקרקעות וההקדשות
18 Have we not learnt: To the following overreaching does not apply: Slaves, bonds, immovable properties, and dedications? [Shall we say] then that this refers to the cancellation of the sale?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the overreaching was more than a sixth.');"><sup>27</sup></span> But will R'Johanan hold in such a case that he is required to make up the value of a dedication according to the Rabbinical law?
יט אלא אבטול מקח בהא נימא ר' יוחנן צריך לעשות דמים מדבריהם
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