Yevamot 177

Chapter 177

א שנתן לה אחרון גט לא פסלה מן הכהונה מכלל דלא בעיא גט דאי בעיא גט אמאי לא פסלה מן הכהונה אלא סיפא אמרי קידושי טעות הוו
1 the latter<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who betrothed her. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> gave her a letter of divorce he has not thereby disqualified her from marrying a priest',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 92a. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> it may be inferred that she requires no divorce;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even Rabbinically; and that, therefore, the letter of divorce given is null and void. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ב רישא נמי אמרי נישואי טעות הוו קנסוה רבנן סיפא נמי ליקנסוה רישא דעבדא איסורא קנסוה סיפא דלא עבדא איסורא לא קנסוה רבנן:
2 for should she require a divorce, why does he not disqualify her from marrying a priest!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A divorced woman, even if the divorce was given to her in accordance with a Rabbinical and not a Pentateuchal ordinance. is forbidden to be married to a priest. Cf. infra 94a. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> — Rather,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The fact is that no divorce is required, as had been first assumed. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> in the final clause it will be assumed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Seeing that she is released without any letter of divorce. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ג אין לה כתובה: מאי טעמא תקינו לה רבנן כתובה כדי שלא תהא קלה בעיניו להוציאה הא תהא קלה בעיניו להוציאה:
3 that the betrothal was an erroneous one.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Release from which requires no divorce. Hence there is no need to provide against the assumption that 'the first husband had divorced her and the other had lawfully betrothed her etc.', suggested supra. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> In the first clause also [let it be said that] it would be assumed that the marriage was an erroneous one!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra n. 8. Why then was a letter of divorce required? ');"><sup>8</sup></span> The Rabbis have penalized her.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For contracting a marriage without first making the necessary enquiries. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ד אין לה פירות ולא מזונות ולא בלאות: תנאי כתובה ככתובה דמי:
4 Then let them penalize her in the final clause also! — In the first clause where she committed a forbidden act<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unlawful marriage. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> they penalized her; in the final clause where she did not commit a forbidden act, the Rabbis did not penalize her. SHE HAS NO [CLAIM TO HER] <i>KETHUBAH</i>, [because] what is the reason why the Rabbis have provided a <i>kethubah</i> for a woman? In order that it may not be easy for the husband<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in his eyes'. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ה נטלה מזה ומזה: פשיטא מהו דתימא כיון דתפשה לא מפקינן מינה קמ"ל:
5 to divorce her!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Keth. 11a. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> But in this case let it be easy for him, to divorce her.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And thus sever a forbidden union. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> SHE HAS NO [CLAIM TO]&nbsp;… USUFRUCT, MAINTENANCE OR EVEN WORN CLOTHES, [because] the conditions<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Such as the undertaking of maintenance etc. which, like the specified amount of the kethubah are entered in the marriage contract. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ו הולד ממזר: תנן התם אין תורמין מן הטמא על הטהור ואם תרם בשוגג תרומתו תרומה במזיד לא עשה ולא כלום מאי לא עשה ולא כלום א"ר חסדא לא עשה ולא כלום כל עיקר דאפילו ההיא גריוא הדר לטיבליה
6 entered in the <i>kethubah</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the contract. This is one of the meanings of 'kethubah', v. n. 18. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> are subject to the same laws as the <i>kethubah</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the specified sum due to the woman on the husband's death or on her divorce. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> itself.
ז רב נתן ברבי אושעיא אמר לא עשה ולא כלום לתקן את השירים אבל תרומה הוי רב חסדא לא אמר כרב נתן בר' אושעיא דאי אמרת הוי תרומה זימנין דפשע ולא מפריש
7 IF SHE HAD TAKEN ANYTHING FROM THE ONE OR FROM THE OTHER, [SHE MUST RETURN IT]. Is this not obvious! — As it might haved been assumed that since she has already seized it, it is not to be taken from her, hence we were taught [that SHE MUST RETURN IT]. THE CHILD&nbsp;… IS A BASTARD. Elsewhere we learned: <i>Terumah</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> from levitically unclean produce may not be set apart for that which is levitically clean.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the former is forbidden to be eaten the priest would thereby suffer a loss. ');"><sup>18</sup></span>
ח מאי שנא מהא דתנן התורם קישות ונמצאת מרה אבטיח ונמצאת סרוח תרומה ויחזור ויתרום שוגג אמזיד קרמית שוגג לא עבד איסורא מזיד קעבד איסורא
8 If, however, such <i>terumah</i> has been set apart it is valid if the act was done in error, but if it was done wilfully it is null and void.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he did not do, even anything'. Ter. II, 2, Pes. 33a, Men. 25b. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> Now what is meant by 'it is null and void'? — R. Hisda replied: The act is absolutely null and void, even that griva<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A measure of capacity. V. Glos. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> [which has been designated as <i>terumah</i>] returns to its former state of <i>tebel</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And forbidden to all. ');"><sup>21</sup></span>
ט ורמי שוגג אשוגג הכא קתני בשוגג תרומתו תרומה התם קתני תרומה ויחזור ויתרום
9 R. Nathan son of R. Oshaia replied: It is null and void in respect of making the remainder<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The levitlcally clean produce (Rashi). ');"><sup>22</sup></span> fit for use, but [that which has been set apart] becomes <i>terumah</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the priest may use it for the purposes for which it is fit such as, for instance, fuel. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> R. Hisda does not give the same explanation as R. Nathan son of R. Oshaia, for, should it be said [that the portion set apart] is lawful <i>terumah</i>, it might sometimes happen that one would wilfully neglect to set apart the <i>terumah</i> [from the remainder].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra note 6, believing that the portion he had set apart. and which had assumed the name of terumah, had exempted it. ');"><sup>24</sup></span>
י התם שוגג קרוב למזיד דאיבעי ליה למיטעמיה
10 But why should this be different from, [the following case concerning] which we learned: If a man has set apart as <i>terumah</i> a cucumber which was found to be bitter, or a melon which turned out to be decayed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'having an offensive smell'. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> [the fruit becomes] <i>terumah</i>; but [from the remainder] <i>terumah</i> must again be set apart!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ter. III, 1, Kid. 46b; which proves that the possibility of neglecting this second separation of terumah does not render null and void the whole act. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> Do you raise an objection from a case where one has acted unwittingly<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The case of the cucumber or the melon where the man believed it to be in good condition. ');"><sup>27</sup></span>
יא ורמי מזיד אמזיד הכא קתני במזיד לא עשה כלום התם תנן התורם משאין נקוב על נקוב תרומה ויחזור ויתרום
11 against a case where one has acted wilfully?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The second case in the first Mishnah cited. ');"><sup>28</sup></span> Where one has acted unwittingly,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The case of the cucumber or the melon where the man believed it to be in good condition. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> no forbidden act has been committed; when, however, one has acted wilfully,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The second case in the first Mishnah cited. ');"><sup>30</sup></span>
יב בתרי מאני ציית בחד מנא לא ציית
12 a forbidden act has been committed. A contradiction, however, was pointed out between two acts committed unwittingly: Here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the first cited Mishnah. ');"><sup>31</sup></span> it is stated, 'It is lawful <i>terumah</i> if the act was done unwittingly',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Implying that no further terumah for the remainder need be set apart. ');"><sup>32</sup></span>
יג ולרב נתן ברבי אושעיא דאמר לא עשה ולא כלום לתקן שירים אבל תרומה הוי
13 while there sit was stated, 'Terumah,' but [from the remainder] <i>terumah</i> must again be set apart'! — There,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the second Mishnah quoted. ');"><sup>33</sup></span> it is an erroneous act amounting almost<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'near'. ');"><sup>34</sup></span> to a wilful one, since he should have tasted it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The fruit, before setting it apart as terumah. ');"><sup>35</sup></span> A contradiction was also pointed out between two cases of wilful action: Here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra note 3. ');"><sup>36</sup></span> it is stated, 'but if it was done wilfully, it is null and void', while elsewhere we learned: If a man has set apart as <i>terumah</i> [the produce] of an unperforated plant-pot<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is not subject to terumah, since it has not grown directly from the ground. ');"><sup>37</sup></span> for [the produce of] a perforated pot,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is subject to terumah. A plant in a perforated pot is deemed to be growing from the ground since it derives its nourishment through the holes of the pot from the ground itself. ');"><sup>38</sup></span> [the former becomes] <i>terumah</i> but [from the latter] <i>terumah</i> must again be separated!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dem. V, 10; Kid. 46a, Men. 70a. Why is the terumah in this case valid, while in the other it becomes tebel again? ');"><sup>39</sup></span> — In [the case of produce grown in] two different vessels<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in the last cited Mishnah where the produce designated as terumah grew in one kind of pot while the other produce grew in another kind of pot. ');"><sup>40</sup></span> a man would obey;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To give terumah again, though the portion he has set apart is also allowed to remain terumah. ');"><sup>41</sup></span> in [that of] one vessel<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the clean and the unclean grew in the same kind of pot or soil. ');"><sup>42</sup></span> he would not obey.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To give terumah again, were the portion he has set aside allowed to retain the name of terumah. He would argue that, in view of the validity of his act, no further terumah need he given to the priest, whom he would consequently present with unclean terumah. Hence it was ordained that his act is void and that the quantity he has set aside is not to be regarded as terumah. ');"><sup>43</sup></span> Now according to R. Nathan, son of R. Oshaia, who explained that 'the act is null and void in respect of making the remainder fit for use but [that that which has been set apart] becomes <i>terumah</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the priest may use it for the purposes for which it is fit, such, for instance, as burning. ');"><sup>44</sup></span>