Yevamot 7

Chapter 7

א דכתיב (דברים כב, יא) לא תלבש שעטנז גדילים תעשה לך
1 — Because<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is an answer to the second question. The first is answered infra 5b. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> it is written, Thou shalt not wear a mingled stuff&nbsp;…<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXII, 11. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב ואמר רבי אלעזר סמוכים מן התורה מנין שנאמר (תהלים קיא, ח) סמוכים לעד לעולם עשוים באמת וישר
2 Thou shalt make thee twisted cords,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 12. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> and R. Eleazar said,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Ber. 10a. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ג ואמר רב ששת אמר ר' אלעזר משום רבי אלעזר בן עזריה מנין ליבמה שנפלה לפני מוכה שחין שאין חוסמין אותה שנאמר (דברים כה, ד) לא תחסום שור בדישו וסמיך ליה כי ישבו אחים יחדיו
3 'Whence is the rule of proximity [of texts] derived from the Torah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. Semukim [H] (rt. [H] 'to join'); i.e., the exegetical principle that we deduce laws from the proximity of Biblical texts. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> As it is said, They are established<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Semukim'. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ד ואמר רב יוסף אפילו למאן דלא דריש סמוכים בעלמא במשנה תורה דריש דהא ר' יהודה בעלמא לא דריש ובמשנה תורה דריש
4 for ever and ever, they are done in truth and uprightness.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. CXI, 8. The proximity of the two texts (Deut. XXII, 11 and 12) may consequently be taken to indicate that though the wearing of mingled stuff (linen and wool) is forbidden in ordinary cases (Deut. XXII, 11) it is nevertheless permitted in the case of the performance of a positive precept such as that of the making of 'twisted cords' or zizith (v. Glos.) on the four corners of a garment (ibid. v. 12). ');"><sup>7</sup></span> Furthermore, R. Shesheth stated<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mak. 23a. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ה ובעלמא מנלן דלא דריש דתניא בן עזאי אומר נאמר (שמות כב, יז) מכשפה לא תחיה ונאמר כל שוכב עם בהמה מות יומת סמכו ענין לו מה שוכב עם בהמה בסקילה אף מכשפה בסקילה
5 in the name of R. Eleazar who stated it in the name of R. Eleazar b. Azariah: Whence is it proved that a sister-in-law, who falls to the lot of a levir who is afflicted with boils, is not muzzled?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., she is not prevented from objecting to the levirate marriage, and is entitled to halizah. 'Muzzled' (rt. [H]) is taken from Deut. XXV, 4 from which this law is derived. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> From the Biblical text, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXV, 4. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ו א"ל ר' יהודה וכי מפני שסמכו ענין לו נוציא זה לסקילה
6 and in close proximity to it is written If brethren dwell together.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. v. 5, forming the introduction to the law of halizah. Thus it has been shewn that a law may be based on the proximity of Biblical texts, and this confirms the conclusion in respect of 'mingled stuff' in zizith (v. Deut. XXII, 11). ');"><sup>11</sup></span> Furthermore R. Joseph said: Even he who does not base interpretations on the proximity [of Biblical texts] anywhere else does base them [on the texts] in Deuteronomy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the texts of 'mingled stuff' and zizith occur. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ז אלא אוב וידעוני בכלל מכשפים היו ולמה יצאו להקיש להם ולומר לך מה אוב וידעוני בסקילה אף מכשפה בסקילה
7 for R. Judah who does not elsewhere base any interpretations [on textual proximity], bases such interpretations on the Deuteronomic text.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ber. 21b. Cf. Pes. 67b. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> And whence is it proved that elsewhere he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Judah. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ח ובמשנה תורה מנלן דדריש דתנן נושא אדם אנוסת אביו ומפותת אביו אנוסת בנו ומפותת בנו רבי יהודה אוסר באנוסת אביו ומפותת אביו
8 does not advance such interpretation?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Interpretations based on semukim or proximity of texts. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> — From what has been taught: Ben 'Azzai said, It was stated, Thou shall not suffer a sorceress to live,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXII, 17. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
ט ואמר רב גידל אמר רב מ"ט דרבי יהודה דכתיב (דברים כג, א) לא יקח איש את אשת אביו ולא יגלה כנף אביו כנף שראה אביו לא יגלה
9 and it is also stated, Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 18. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> one subject was placed near the other to indicate that as the man who lies with a beast is to suffer the death penalty of stoning so also is a sorceress to suffer the death penalty of stoning. Said R. Judah to him: Shall we, because one subject was placed in close proximity to the other, lead out a person<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'this' sc. the sorceress. ');"><sup>18</sup></span>
י וממאי דבאנוסה כתיב מעילויה דקרא דכתיב (דברים כב, כט) ונתן האיש השוכב עמה לאבי הנערה חמשים כסף וסמיך ליה לא יקח איש וגו'
10 to be stoned? In truth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'but'. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> [the penalty of the sorceress is derived from the following]: The necromancer and the charmer were included among the sorcerers; why then were they mentioned separately?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Lev. XX, 27. ');"><sup>20</sup></span>
יא ורבנן אי הוה סמיך ליה כדקאמרת השתא דלא סמיך ליה (דכתיב לא יקח איש את אשת אביו בנתים)
11 In order that the others may be compared to them, and to tell you that as the necromancer and the charmer are subject to the death penalty of stoning,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Lev. XX, 27. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> so is a sorceress also subject to the penalty of stoning.
יב בשומרת יבם הכתוב מדבר ולעבור עליו בשני לאוין
12 And whence is it proved that in Deuteronomy he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Judah. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> does advance such interpretation?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Interpretations based on semukim or proximity of texts. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יג ובמשנה תורה מאי טעמא דדריש איבעית אימא משום דמוכח ואיבעית אימא משום דמופני
13 — From what we learned: A man may marry a woman who has been outraged or seduced by his father or his son. R. Judah prohibits in the case of a woman outraged or seduced by one's father.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ber. 21a, infra 97a. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> And in connection with this, R. Giddal said in the name of Rab: What is R. Judah's reason? Because it is written, A man shall not take his father's wife, and shall not uncover his father's skirt,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXIII, 1. ');"><sup>23</sup></span>
יד איבעית אימא משום דמוכח דאם כן לכתביה רחמנא גבי עריות ואיבעית אימא משום דמופני דאם כן לכתוב רחמנא לא יקח איש את אשת אביו לא יגלה כנף אביו למה לי
14 the 'skirt' which his father saw he shall not uncover. And whence is it inferred that this is written with reference to an outraged woman? — From the preceding section of the text where it is written, Then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel's father fifty <i>shekels</i> of silver<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXII, 29. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> near which it is stated, A man shall not take etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXIII, 1. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> And the Rabbis?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Represented by the view of the first Tanna who differs from R. Judah. How do they, in view of R. Judah's exposition, allow the marriage of a woman outraged or seduced by one's father? ');"><sup>26</sup></span> — If one text had occurred in close proximity to the other the exposition would have been justified;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'as you said'. ');"><sup>27</sup></span> now, however, that it does not occur in close proximity<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cur. edd. contain within parentheses: 'Since the text, A man shall not take his father's wife is written between them'. ');"><sup>28</sup></span> [it must be concluded that] the context speaks of a woman who is awaiting the decision of the levir<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whether he will marry her or consent to halizah. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> and that, [in marrying such a woman, a son]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the levir for whose decision the woman is waiting. ');"><sup>30</sup></span> transgresses two negative precepts.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 97a. One is that of marrying a woman who is virtually his father's wife being subject still to the levirate marriage, and the other is that of marrying an aunt, the wife of his father's deceased brother. ');"><sup>31</sup></span> And what is the reason why [R. Judah] derives laws [from the proximity of texts] in Deuteronomy? — If you wish I might say: Because [there the deduction]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the proximity of the texts. ');"><sup>32</sup></span> is obvious; and if you prefer I might say: Because [there the text] is superfluous.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'free', 'disengaged'. i.e., unnecessary for the contexts and consequently free for interpretation and exposition. ');"><sup>33</sup></span> 'If you prefer I might say: Because [there the deduction] is obvious', for, otherwise,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'if so', i.e., if the text was meant to convey its plain meaning only. ');"><sup>34</sup></span> the All Merciful should have written the prohibition in the section of forbidden relatives. 'And if you prefer I might say: Because [there the text] is superfluous', for otherwise<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. previous note. ');"><sup>35</sup></span> the All Merciful should have written, A man shall not take his father's wife.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXIII, 1. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> what need was there for adding,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'wherefore to me'. ');"><sup>36</sup></span> And shall not uncover his father's skirt?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXIII, 1. ');"><sup>25</sup></span>