Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Chasidut for Shabbat 139:3

ותיפוק ליה חילוק מלאכות מהיכא דנפקא ליה לר' נתן דתניא ר' נתן אומר (שמות לה, ג) לא תבערו אש בכל מושבותיכם ביום השבת מה ת"ל לפי שנאמר (שמות לה, א) ויקהל משה את כל עדת בני ישראל אלה הדברים וגו' ששת ימים תעשה מלאכה דברים הדברים אלה הדברים אלו שלשים ותשע מלאכות שנאמרו למשה בסיני

then what is meant by, shall be put to death? He shall be amerced<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'put to death'. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> in money.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a sacrifice. Hence the verse teaches that many sacrifices may be incurred for the desecration of one Sabbath. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> But let the division of labours be deduced whence R. Nathan derives it? For it was taught, R. Nathan said: Ye shall kindle 'no fire throughout your habitations on the Sabbath day:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXXV, 3. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>

Kedushat Levi

Exodus 35,1. “these are the things that the Lord ‎commanded to be done. For six days work shall be ‎performed, etc.” Our sages in Shabbat 70 see in the ‎numerical value of the letters in the word: ‎אלה‎ i.e. 39, an allusion ‎to the 39 categories of “work” prohibited to be performed by ‎Israelites on the Sabbath. These categories of work are understood ‎as especially mundane in nature, the Ari z’al pointing out ‎that when the prophet Jeremiah (Lamentations 1,16) says: ‎על אלה ‏אני בוכיה‎, “on account of these things I weep,” he meant that ‎violation of these prohibited activities of the Sabbath require the ‎Jewish people to collectively rehabilitate themselves by a special ‎activity, ‎מלאכה‎, and this is why the positive instruction ‎לעשות‎, ‎‎“to perform,” [and not as “to desist from” Ed.] has ‎been added.‎
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