Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Commentary for Kiddushin 138:3

איתמר אביי אמר עלו מאיליהם תנן ורבא אמר העלום תנן וקמיפלגי בדרבי אלעזר דאמר רבי אלעזר לא עלה עזרא מבבל עד שעשאה כסולת נקיה ועלה

Abaye said: We learnt: THEY WENT UP voluntarily; Raba said: We learnt: He [Ezra] brought them up [against their will]. And they differ over R'Eleazar ['s dictum,] viz. : Ezra did not go up from Babylon until he made it like pure sifted flour: then he went up.

Daf Shevui to Kiddushin

Abaye and Rava argue over whether the return to Eretz Yisrael after the exile was voluntary. They also seem to argue over how exactly the mishnah is worded.
Abaye holds that the immigration was voluntary and thus he agrees with R. Elazar’s statement about Ezra making Babylonia like sifted flour.
Rava holds that they were forced to go, and since they were forced, everyone knew who was of what lineage without him having to sort it out for them.
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