Halakhah for Makkot 13:3
סנהדרין נוהגת בארץ ובחוצה לארץ סנהדרין ההורגת אחד בשבוע נקראת חובלנית רבי אליעזר בן עזריה אומר אחד לשבעים שנה רבי טרפון ורבי עקיבא אומרים אילו היינו בסנהדרין לא נהרג אדם מעולם רשב"ג אומר אף הן מרבין שופכי דמים בישראל:
We establish courts both in Israel and in Diaspora. A court that executes once in seven years is called a "killing [court]" Rebbi Eliezer ben Azarya says, Once in seventy years. Rebbi Tarfon and Rebbi Akiva say, If we were in court no one would ever get executed. Raban Shimon ben Gamlial responded, Then you would be increasing murder in Israel.
Sefer HaChinukh
And this commandment - meaning the great and small sanhedrins and the court of three - is practiced in the Land of Israel, as ordination is there, but not outside of the Land, since we do not ordain outside of the Land. Yet regardless, anyone ordained in the Land is fit to judge even outside of the Land. And this is what they, may their memory be blessed, said (Makkot 7a), "Sanhedin is practiced in the Land and outside of the Land." However they do not have permission to judge capital cases - not in the Land and not outside the Land - except at the time of the [Temple], and at the time when the Sanhedrin is fixed in Jerusalem.
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