Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Halakhah for Shevuot 60:1

אי נמי לשודא דדייני

or, [with reference to] the discretion of the judges.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In a case which does not depend on witnesses or oath the judge may use his discretion. Here R. Joseph sent a message to R. Nahman that, if the case in which Ulla was involved was of such a nature, he should use his discretion in his favour, because he was a learned and righteous man, and was therefore more likely to be in the right.');"><sup>1</sup></span> Ulla said: The controversy<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between R. Judah and the Sages as to whether the litigants may sit in court.');"><sup>2</sup></span> is in regard to the litigants, but in regard to witnesses all agree that they mu stand, for it is written: And the two men shall stand.

Sefer HaChinukh

From the laws of the commandment is that which they, may their memory be blessed, said (Shevuot 30b) that any judge who knows about a case that it is rigged, that he is obligated to remove himself from it, and not say, "I will conclude it and the chain will be around the neck of the [lying] witnesses"; and the great praises with which the sages praised the seeking of truth and the distancing of falsehood in judgment. And the rest of its many details - are elucidated in Sanhedrin and also in the Midrash (see Mishneh Torah, Laws of The Sanhedrin and the Penalties within their Jurisdiction 25).
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