תניא אידך תענו את נפשותיכם יכול ישב בחמה ובצנה ויצטער ת"ל וכל מלאכה לא תעשו מה מלאכה דבר שחייבין עליו במקום אחר אף ענוי נפש שחייבין עליו במקום אחר ואי זה זה זה פגול ונותר
just as the [prohibition of] labour [means]: sit and do nothing, so does [the enjoinment of] affliction [signify]: sit and do nothing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The affliction enjoined is negative; deny to yourself certain things, abstain from them. It does not demand self-affliction by specific activity, such as sitting in the sun on a hot day.');"><sup>3</sup></span> But say perhaps: If one sit in the sun and is warm, one may not say unto him: rise and sit in the shade; or, when he sits in the shade and is cool, one may not tell him: rise and sit in the sun?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In this case affliction would take the negative form of abstaining from comfort, in accord with the proposition suggested.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
Sefer HaChinukh
The commandment of the fast on the tenth day of Tishrei: To fast on the tenth day of Tishrei, and this is called The Day of Atonements (Yom HaKippurim), as it is stated (Leviticus 23:27), "But on the tenth of the month, etc. you shall afflict your souls." The explanation appears is Sifra, Achrei Mot, Chapter 7:3): "[This refers to] affliction that causes a diminishing of the soul. What is this? This is eating and drinking." And so [too,] did they, may their memory be blessed, explain in the Gemara (Yoma 74b). And the tradition also came about it, that it is forbidden for washing, anointing, wearing shoes, and sexual relations. And the language of Sifra, Parshat Achrei Mot, Chapter 8:3 is "From where [do we know] that Yom Kippur is forbidden for washing, anointing, [wearing shoes] and sexual relations? [Hence] we learn to say (Leviticus 23:32), 'A Shabbat of shabbaton'" - meaning that the doubling of Shabbat (rest) indicates resting from these things [as well as] resting from nourishment of the body.
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