Quoting%20commentary for Pesachim 233:20

וחכמים אומרים נביאים שביניהן תיקנו להם לישראל שיהו אומרים אותו על כל פרק ופרק ועל כל צרה וצרה שלא תבא עליהם לישראל ולכשנגאלין אומרים אותו על גאולתן:

They exclaimed, 'Not unto us [etc.]' and the Holy Spirit responded etc. R'Akiba said: Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah uttered it when the wicked Nebuchadnezzar rose against them. They exclaimed, 'Not unto us etc. ,' and the Holy Spirit responded etc. R'Jose the Galilean said: Mordecai and Esther uttered it when the wicked Haman rose against them. They supplicated, 'Not unto us etc.' , and the Holy Spirit responded etc. But the Sages maintain: The prophets among them enacted that the Israelites should recite at every epoch and at every trouble - may it not come to them! - and when they are redeemed, they recite it [in thankfulness] for their delivery.

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