Reference for Chullin 49:16

חד לגופיה וחד לג"ש וחד תוכו של זה ולא תוכו של אחר וחד תוכו ולא תוך תוכו ואפילו כלי שטף

[One might argue that] all other vessels should not be rendered unclean [by contact] from the outside, but only by contact from the inside, by the following a fortiori argument: If an earthenware vessel which is rendered unclean through its air-space is nevertheless not rendered unclean from the outside, all other vessels which are not rendered unclean through their air-space should surely not be rendered unclean from the outside! - The verse therefore reads: And every open vessel, which has no covering close-bound upon it, is unclean,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XIX, 15.');">¹³</span>

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