Reference for Shabbat 131:4

כסא וסמוכות שלו טמאין מדרס ואין יוצאין בהן בשבת ואין נכנסין בהן בעזרה

ARE UNCLEAN THROUGH MIDRAS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he is a zab, q.v. Glos. Midras, lit., 'treading' is the technical term for the uncleanness occasioned by a zab through bringing his weight to bear upon an object, e.g., by treading, sitting, or leaning, even if he does not actually touch it with his body. The degree of defilement imposed thereby is called 'the principal degree of uncleanness' (Heb. ab, father), and is only one grade less than that of a corpse: cf. p. 55, n. 6. ');">⁴</span>

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