Reference for Shabbat 246:15
קנין דתנן לא סידור הקנין ולא נטילתן דוחה את השבת
was taught in the days of Nehemiah the son of Hacaliah, for it is written, In those days I saw in Judah some treading winepresses on the Sabbath, and bringing in sheaves.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neh. XIII, 15. To counteract this laxity the Rabbis had to be particularly severe. — v. Halevy: Doroth, I, 3, pp. 310-345 for the dates of the Rabbinical enactments, and particularly pp. 344 seqq. for the present passage. Weiss, Dor, I, p. 57, n. 2 argues that the Greek form of the word [H] (this is the form given in Kel. XIII, 2, though it is variously corrupted elsewhere [G] = [G]) proves that this ruling must be much later, certainly not before the Greeks spread in Palestine and the Jews became acquainted with them. This is not conclusive: the original enactment may have employed a Hebrew word which was changed later in the academies, when the Greek form became more familiar. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> R. Eleazar said: [The laws about] canes, staves, fastenings, and mortar<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Gemara proceeds to state these laws. ');"><sup>27</sup></span>