Talmud for Eruvin 142:13

HALAKHAH: Paragraph. “If the owner of a house participated with several neighbors,” etc. Rebbi Abba in the name of Rebbi⁹³Read: Rav. Jehudah: They stated this in commercial practice⁹⁴The language of the Mishnah is inconsistent. “Participation” refers to making an eruv in an alley, “neighbors” refer to dwellers in a courtyard. The Mishnah does not refer explicitly to either one; it uses the expression “participate” to describe partnership.. Everybody with wine, since he does not care about mixing⁹⁵Since everything is in a large vessel and the relative shares of the partners have not been separated., it does not need an eruv. If with wine with one but oil with the other, since he cares about mixing, it needs an eruv. Rebbi Abba bar Cahana, Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi in the name of Rav: The Mishnah refers to the case that all is in one vessel⁹⁶Babli 71a. Since it is not intentionally collected as eruv but is used as such because it happened to be available, it must be in one vessel.. Rebbi Zeriqan said, the reason of Rebbi Simeon is that they are used to drink οἰνόγαρον⁹⁷“Wine-fish sauce”.. It was stated⁹⁸Tosephta 5:9, Babli 71b.: Rebbi Eleazar ben Thaddeus says, in every case they are forbidden until they make an eruv. Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rav: Practice follows Rebbi Eleazar ben Thaddeus. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name Rebbi Ze`ira: Rebbi Eleazar ben Thaddeus follows Rebbi Meïr. Which [statement of] Rebbi Meïr? Rebbi Mana said, Rebbi Meïr who said, by an eruv, by participation<sup>99</sup>Tosephta 6:6. He requires separate participation in an alley and eruv for courtyards in all cases.. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, Rebbi Meïr who said that one may not make an eruv for a person without his knowledge<sup>100</sup>Mishnah 7:11.. In the opinion of Rebbi Mana, following Rebbi Ze`ira, in the opinion of Rav following Rebbi Meïr¹⁰¹R. Mana interprets the statement of R. Ze`ira to imply that Rav accepts the position of R. Meïr.. Rebbi Ze`ira in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: In matters of eruvin and public fast-days everybody follows Rebbi Meïr. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name Rebbi Joḥanan: Even about the reading of the Esther scroll everybody follows Rebbi Meïr¹⁰²In eruvin one follows R. Meïr that eruv for courtyards and participation for alleys must be separate acts, later in the Chapter, 23d l. 47; then Ta`aniot 67b 4:1 l. 57 (that on a public fast day the priestly blessing is given three times), Megillah 2:1 73b l. 26 (that the scroll has to be read from beginning to end). Babli 72a. These rules are popular usage, not rabbinic decrees..

It is obvious that “one makes eruv for courtyards and participates in alleys. If one makes eruv for courtyards, if they want to participate in the alley they may not participate¹⁴⁴An eruv must be deposited in a house in the courtyard; participation can be deposited anywhere in the alley. An eruv must be made with a whole loaf of bread; the rules for participation are much more flexible. It is obvious that an eruv cannot simultaneously be used as participation since it cannot be at two places at the same time. On the other hand, participation makes an eruv unnecessary for everybody except R. Meïr. Babli 71b.. But if they participated in an alley, if they want to make it eruv they may do so¹⁴⁵To treat the participation also as eruv if it is a valid eruv and deposited in that particular courtyard..” And it was stated:¹⁴⁶Tosephta 6:6, Babli 71b. “One makes eruv and participates simultaneously, the words of Rebbi Meïr. But the Sages say, one makes eruv for courtyards or participates in alleys.” If they made eruv for the courtyards, they are permitted in the courtyards and forbidden in the alley. But if they participated in the alley they are permitted here and there. He told them, also you will cause the rules of eruv to be forgotten among us¹⁴¹This is proposed as R. Meïr’s argument which only is alluded to in the tannaitic sources here, Babli 71b, Tosephta 6:6. It is obvious that this applies only if there is no participation at all, not if one person forgot his contribution. This justifies the argument of Note 138., for the relationship of alley to courtyards is like the one of courtyards to houses²²Also the eruv of a courtyard obviates the necessity for separate eruvin in multi-family buildings in that courtyard, but eruvin in multi-family buildings in a courtyard do not take the place of an eruv for the courtyard..