Talmud for Sanhedrin 83:16
מיתיבי גדול שבדיינין אומר נזדקן הדין אי אמרת בשלמא חכם דינא היינו דאמר גדול אלא אי אמרת קש דינא לא סגיא דלא אמר גדול כסופי הוא דקא מיכסיף נפשיה
This isobvious<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As there could be no error in such a matter. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> — But [put it thus:] ifone testifies, 'Before sunrise,' and the other, 'During sunrise.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Their evidence is null. ');"><sup>30</sup></span>
Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin
In civil suits one declares the judgment as definitive99A strictly literal translation would be: “the judgment became old.” The interpretation of this otherwise unknown expression follows Rav Ashi in the Babli, 42a. The case can neither be appealed nor retried. [but in criminal suits one does not declare the judgment as definitive.]100Addition also found in the Babli, implied by the preceding sentence. As long as a criminal sentence was not executed, the trial may be re-opened at any time if a new argument for acquittal can be presented. The greatest among the judges declares the judgment as definitive 101Babli 42a..
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