Arakhin 36

Chapter 36

א כענין שנאמר (ויקרא יג, יב) מראשו ועד רגליו ראשו ולא ראשו בכלל רגליו ולא רגליו בכלל
1 in the same manner as it is said: From his head even unto his feet,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIII, 12 in connection with the signs of leprosy.');"><sup>1</sup></span> where it means, '[from] his head [on]', but his head is not included; and '[unto his] feet', but his feet are not included;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב ת"ל (שמות יב, יח) עד יום האחד ועשרים לחודש בערב רבי אומר אינו צריך ראשון וראשון בכלל שביעי ושביעי בכלל
2 therefore it is said: Until th one and twentieth day of the month at even.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XII, 18, the words 'at even', at the end of the day, include the seventh, and 'at even' is also written in connection with the first day in the same verse.');"><sup>3</sup></span> - Rabbi said: This was not necessary: 'first' [itself] means the first inclusive, and 'seventh' the seventh inclusive! You might even say that our Mishnah is In accord with Rabbi. Here, however, the Scriptural verses are balanced. For it is written: From a month old even unto five years old,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVII, 6.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ג אפי' תימא רבי שקולי משקלי קראי מכדי כתיב (ויקרא כז, ו) מבן חודש ועד בן חמש שנים תו מבן חמש (ועד בן כ') למה לי הילכך אישתקלו להו
3 why then [state] From five years old even unto twenty years old?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. v. 5.');"><sup>5</sup></span> Therefore they are balanced.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The fifth year as well as the twentieth (vv. 3 and 5) could be counted as belonging to either of the periods. Therefore the verses are suspended in meaning, indeterminate, and it is only the inference from analogy of expression which establishes the correct meaning.');"><sup>6</sup></span> The Master has said: 'his head'.
ד אמר מר ראשו ולא ראשו בכלל רגליו ולא רגליו בכלל מנלן איבעית אימא שאני סימנים דגופו מסימנים דראשו איבעית אימא (ויקרא יג, יב) לכל מראה עיני הכהן:
4 but his head is not included; 'his feet', but the feet are not included. Whence do we know that? - If you like, say: Because the signs [of leprosy] on the body are different from those on the head;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The signs on the head are yellow thin hair, whereas the signs on the body are white hair, and spreading in the skin.');"><sup>7</sup></span> or, if you like, say: As far as appeareth to the priest.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XIII, 12. The priest could not see the sign on the head because of the hair, nor between the toes, in one view, as required.');"><sup>8</sup></span> R'ELIEZER SAYS: [THIS RULE HOLDS GOOD] UNTIL THEY ARE A MONTH AND A DAY BEYOND THE YEARS CONCERNED. It was taught: R'Eliezer said, Here it is said, 'and upward', and there it is said, 'and upward';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. III, 43. with reference to the counting of the Levites. Any Levite of over one month old, even if it be but one day, was included in the counting.');"><sup>9</sup></span> just as there the meaning is 'from a month and one day', so here a month and one day. But say perhaps: Just as there 'one day' so here, too.'
ה ר"א אומר עד שיהו יתירות על השנים חודש ויום אחד: תניא ר"א אומר נאמר כאן למעלה ונאמר להלן (במדבר ג, טו) חודש ומעלה מה להלן מבן חודש ויום אחד אף כאן (מבן) חודש ויום אחד
5 one day'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since here the addition is but one day, perhaps it ought to be exactly alike with the years in the case of valuations.');"><sup>10</sup></span> - Of what value would the analogy then be? Our Rabbis taught: The year mentioned in connection with consecrated animals, the year stated in connection with dwelling houses in a walled city,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Lev. XXV, 30.');"><sup>11</sup></span> the two years in connection with the field of possession,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 29b.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ו ואימא כי התם מה התם חד יומא אף כאן חד יומא א"כ ג"ש מאי אהני
6 the six years of the Hebrew slave,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXI, 2.');"><sup>13</sup></span> as well as those of a son or daughter,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra p. 112, n. 1.');"><sup>14</sup></span> are to be understood as from hour to hour.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As lasting one year from the hour of its birth, or sale, or service, to the very same hour a year later on the very same day, independent of the calendar year. In a calendar year Tishri would commence the New Year.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ז ת"ר שנה האמורה בקדשים שנה האמורה בבתי ערי חומה שתי שנים שבשדה אחוזה ושש שנים שבעבד עברי וכן שבבן ושבבת כולן מעת לעת
7 Whence do we know that with regard to consecrated animals? - R'Aha B'Jacob said: Scripture said, A lamb ben shenato [of the first year],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XII, 6. The text might have read: ben shanah, which would have suggested an ordinary year. 'Ben shenato', (lit., 'an animal its year old') suggests that it shall be its own year, from hour to hour.');"><sup>16</sup></span> i.e.of 'its own first year', not that o calendar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'world'.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
ח שנה האמורה בקדשים מנלן אמר רב אחא בר יעקב אמר קרא (ויקרא יב, ו) כבש בן שנתו שנתו שלו ולא של מנין עולם
8 As to the year mentioned in connection with dwelling houses in a walled city. Scripture said: Within a whole year mimkaro [after it is sold],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 29. Again the word 'mimkaro' suggests its own year. i.e., from hour to hour.');"><sup>18</sup></span> i.e., of its [own year after the] sale, not of the calendar.
ט שנה האמורה בבתי ערי חומה דכתיב (ויקרא כה, כט) עד תום שנת ממכרו ממכרו שלו ולא שנה למנין עולם
9 W regard to the two years of the field of possession, it is written: According unto the number of years of the crops he shall sell unto thee,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. v. 15. the double plural 'years of crops' suggesting that the regular counting would not be satisfactory. There may be more than two crops in two years.');"><sup>19</sup></span> implying that a man eats [the fruit of] three crops in two years.
י שתי שנים שבשדה אחוזה דכתיב (ויקרא כה, טו) במספר שני תבואות ימכר לך פעמים שאדם אוכל שלש תבואות בשתי שנים
10 With regard to the six years of a Hebrew slave, Scripture said: Six years he shall serve, and in the seventh,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXI, 2.');"><sup>20</sup></span> implying that at times in the seventh year, too, he may be working.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The second part of the verse is taken here in conjunction with the first.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
יא שש שבעבד עברי דכתיב (שמות כא, ב) שש שנים יעבוד ובשביעית זימנין דבשביעית נמי יעבוד
11 'As well as those of a son or daughter', for what practical purpose is the rule? - R'Giddal in the name of Rab said: With regard to valuations.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., with regard to the age which determines the rate of payment.');"><sup>22</sup></span> R'Joseph said: With regard to [the subject of] the chapter on the foetus extracted by means of a caesarean section.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In that chapter the age is discussed at which son and daughter are fit to vow. Nid. 45b.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
יב ושבבן ושבבת כולן מעת לעת למאי הילכתא אמר רב גידל אמר רב לערכין רב יוסף אמר לפרקין דיוצא דופן
12 Said Abaye to R'Joseph: Are you [two] of conflicting opinion? - He replied: No, I say one thing, and he said another. Thus also does it seem logical. For if you should think they are disputing, and he who said [the practical purpose] concerns valuations, should not hold it to be also with regard to the chapter about the foetus extracted by means of a caesarean section, has not Rab said that the decision was with regard to all [cases in that] chapter: that [the years] were to be understood as from hour to hour? Then why does he who said [the practical purpose] concerned valuations not say it concerns the chapter on a caesarean extraction? - Because it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reference to a son and daughter.');"><sup>24</sup></span> is to be analogous to those [mentioned previously]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the consecrated animals, etc.');"><sup>25</sup></span>
יג א"ל אביי לרב יוסף מי פלגיתו א"ל לא אנא אמרי חדא והוא אמר חדא הכי נמי מסתברא דאי ס"ד פליגי מ"ד לערכין לא אמר ליוצא דופן והאמר רב הילכתא בכולה פירקא מעת לעת
13 Just as these are written [in the Torah], so does this refer to what is written [in the Torah].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., valuations.');"><sup>26</sup></span> And the other? - If you think [that the reference is to] what is written, then the expression 'With a son or daughter' - ought it not to state 'with male or female'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Just as the Torah in this connection (Lev. XXVII) speaks of 'male' and 'female'.');"><sup>27</sup></span>
יד ואלא למאן דאמר לערכין מ"ט לא אמר ליוצא דופן דומיא דהנך מה הנך דכתיבא אף הנך דכתיבא
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טו ואידך אי סלקא דעתך דכתיבא האי שבבן ושבבת
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