Arakhin 5
מאי
They are meant to include women, in accord with the view of R'Joshua B'Levi; for R'Joshua B'Levi said: Women are obliged to read the scroll because they, too, had a part in that miracle.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Meg. 4a, Rashi and Tosaf. s.v. : Either they too were included, in Haman's decree of extinction, or their merit, too, brought about the miracle of the deliverance.');"><sup>1</sup></span>
לאתויי נשים וכדר' יהושע בן לוי דאמר ר' יהושע בן לוי
What does 'All are obliged to arrange zimmun'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ber. 45a: Three who ate together are under the obligation of zimmun, i.e. of saying grace together. Literally zimmun means appointing and may thus refer to the appointment to eat together, with the implied obligation to say grace together.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
נשים חייבות במקרא מגילה שאף הן היו באותו הנס
mean to include? - It means to include women and slaves, for it was taught: Women are under the obligation of zimmun amongst themselves, and slaves are under the obligation of zimmun amongst themselves.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ber. 45b.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
הכל חייבין בזימון לאתויי מאי
What does 'All may be joined to a zimmun' mean to include? - That includes a minor who knows to Whom one pronounces a blessing, for R'Nahman said: One may arrange a zimmun with a minor who knows to Whom one pronounces a blessing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ber. 48a.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
לאתויי נשים ועבדים דתניא
What does 'All defile by reason of their flux' include? - That includes a child one day old, for it was taught: [It could have said,] When a man [hath an issue out of his flesh].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XV, 2.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
לאתויי קטן היודע למי מברכין דאמר רב נחמן
R'Ishmael the son of R'Johanan B'Beroka says: [This inference] is not necessary, for behold, Scripture reads: And of them that have an Issue, whether it be a male or a female,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XV, 33.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
דתניא
What does 'All are susceptible to be defiled by someone defiled through contact with a corpse'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The corpse itself is called: Abi Aboth ha-Tunah i.e.,very first cause of defilement.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
לרבות תינוק בן יום אחד שמטמא בזיבה דברי רבי יהודה
For one might have assumed that since Scripture reads: But the man that shall be unclean, and shall not purify himself,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XIX, 20.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
רבי ישמעאל בנו של רבי יוחנן בן ברוקה אומר
that means only [to] a man [does this law apply] but not to a minor, therefore it is said: And upon the souls [persons] that were there.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 18.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
(ויקרא טו, לג) והזב את זובו לזכר ולנקבה לזכר כל שהוא זכר בין קטן בין גדול לנקבה כל שהיא נקבה בין קטנה בין גדולה
- It is meant to exclude a minor from the penalty of excision.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This passage refers to an unclean person entering the Sanctuary, the penalty for which offence is excision (by the hand of God) . The word 'man' in the passage indicates that whereas any 'soul' (even a minor) can defile, only a man, i.e., an adult, incurs the penalty of death when in his unclean state he enters the Sanctuary.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
(במדבר יט, כ) איש אשר יטמא ולא יתחטא איש אין קטן לא קמ"ל
i.e., as long as it is [an adam].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Adam', a human being in the general sense of the term, includes minors. 'Ish' - 'man' should have been used if minors were to be excluded from the application of that law.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
אלא איש למעוטי מאי
When it says: And the leper,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIII, 45. The word 'and the leper' is superfluous. The preceding verse having referred to the leper, why then the repetition 'and the leper, etc'? Evidently another leper, too, is concerned, i.e., a female leper.');"><sup>18</sup></span>
לאתויי קטן
That refers to [the matter referred to] later,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In v. 45: And the leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent, and the hair of his head shall go loose, v. M.K. 15a.');"><sup>19</sup></span>
(ויקרא יג, מד) איש צרוע כתיב איש אין קטן לא קמ"ל
What does 'All may inspect the signs of leprosy', 'All are fit to inspect the signs o leprosy' include?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These are two distinct teachings, giving the same ruling in different phraseology, the latter being a Mishnah in Neg. III, 1.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
הכל רואין את הנגעים הכל כשרין לראות את הנגעים לאתויי מאי
include? - That includes an uncircumcised<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If two sons of one family have died because of the circumcision, the third is not to be circumcised, because of the hazakah (presumption) that a like fate might befall him. Such an uncircumcised person, being legally justified in failure to have the rite performed upon himself, does not fall into the category of the unfit.');"><sup>24</sup></span>
והאמר מר
What does 'All are fit to slaughter ritually' include? - The first includes a Samaritan, the second a non-conforming Israelite.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There are two statements to this effect: Hui. ');"><sup>25</sup></span>