Arakhin 5

Chapter 5

א מאי לאתויי נשים וכדר' יהושע בן לוי דאמר ר' יהושע בן לוי נשים חייבות במקרא מגילה שאף הן היו באותו הנס

1 They are meant to include women, in accord with the view of R'Joshua B'Levi; for R'Joshua B'Levi said: Women are obliged to read the scroll because they, too, had a part in that miracle.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Meg. 4a, Rashi and Tosaf. s.v. : Either they too were included, in Haman's decree of extinction, or their merit, too, brought about the miracle of the deliverance.');">1 What does 'All are obliged to arrange zimmun'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ber. 45a: Three who ate together are under the obligation of zimmun, i.e. of saying grace together. Literally zimmun means appointing and may thus refer to the appointment to eat together, with the implied obligation to say grace together.');">2 mean to include? - It means to include women and slaves, for it was taught: Women are under the obligation of zimmun amongst themselves, and slaves are under the obligation of zimmun amongst themselves.3

ב הכל חייבין בזימון לאתויי מאי לאתויי נשים ועבדים דתניא נשים מזמנות לעצמן ועבדים מזמנין לעצמן

2 What does 'All may be joined to a zimmun' mean to include? - That includes a minor who knows to Whom one pronounces a blessing, for R'Nahman said: One may arrange a zimmun with a minor who knows to Whom one pronounces a blessing.4 What does 'All defile by reason of their flux' include? - That includes a child one day old, for it was taught: [It could have said,] When a man [hath an issue out of his flesh].5 Why does the text state 'any man'?

ג הכל מצטרפין לזימון לאתויי מאי לאתויי קטן היודע למי מברכין דאמר רב נחמן יודע למי מברכין מזמנין עליו

3 That is to include a child one day old, [teaching] that he defiles by reason of his flux; this is the view of R'Judah. R'Ishmael the son of R'Johanan B'Beroka says: [This inference] is not necessary, for behold, Scripture reads: And of them that have an Issue, whether it be a male or a female,6 i.e., once he is 'a male', however minor or major, once she is 'a female', whether minor or major.7

ד הכל מטמאין בזיבה לאתויי מאי לאתויי תינוק בן יומו דתניא איש מה ת"ל (ויקרא טו, ב) איש איש לרבות תינוק בן יום אחד שמטמא בזיבה דברי רבי יהודה

4 If so, why does the Torah use [the redundant phrase] 'any man'? The Torah speaks in the language of man.8 What does 'All are susceptible to be defiled by someone defiled through contact with a corpse'9 include? - That includes a minor. For one might have assumed that since Scripture reads: But the man that shall be unclean, and shall not purify himself,10

ה רבי ישמעאל בנו של רבי יוחנן בן ברוקה אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר (ויקרא טו, לג) והזב את זובו לזכר ולנקבה לזכר כל שהוא זכר בין קטן בין גדול לנקבה כל שהיא נקבה בין קטנה בין גדולה אם כן מה תלמוד לומר איש איש דברה תורה כלשון בני אדם

5 that means only [to] a man [does this law apply] but not to a minor, therefore it is said: And upon the souls [persons] that were there.11 What then did 'man' come to exclude?12 - It is meant to exclude a minor from the penalty of excision.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This passage refers to an unclean person entering the Sanctuary, the penalty for which offence is excision (by the hand of God) . The word 'man' in the passage indicates that whereas any 'soul' (even a minor) can defile, only a man, i.e., an adult, incurs the penalty of death when in his unclean state he enters the Sanctuary.');">13 What does 'All contract uncleanness by leprosy' include? -That includes a minor. For one would have taught: [Scripture reads:] A leprous man,14

ו הכל מטמאין בטמא מת לאתויי מאי לאתויי קטן סלקא דעתך אמינא (במדבר יט, כ) איש אשר יטמא ולא יתחטא איש אין קטן לא קמ"ל (במדבר יט, יח) ועל הנפשות אשר היו שם

6 that means only a man but not a minor, therefore we are taught [that a minor, too, is defiled when leprous]. But say perhaps: Thus, indeed?15 - [The text reads:] When adam [a man] shall have in the skin of his flesh,16 i.e., as long as it is [an adam].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Adam', a human being in the general sense of the term, includes minors. 'Ish' - 'man' should have been used if minors were to be excluded from the application of that law.');">17 Then why the word 'man'? - This is in accord with what was taught: '[A leprous] man', thence I derive only the law as referring to a man, whence am I to infer it for woman?

ז אלא איש למעוטי מאי למעוטי קטן מכרת

7 When it says: And the leper,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIII, 45. The word 'and the leper' is superfluous. The preceding verse having referred to the leper, why then the repetition 'and the leper, etc'? Evidently another leper, too, is concerned, i.e., a female leper.');">18 that includes two.

ח הכל מטמאין בנגעים לאתויי מאי לאתויי קטן סד"א (ויקרא יג, מד) איש צרוע כתיב איש אין קטן לא קמ"ל

8 Why then does the text state, [A leprous] man'? That refers to [the matter referred to] later,19 [viz. ,] only a [leprous] man lets the hair of his head go loose and rends his clothes, but a [leprous] woman does not let the hair of her head go loose, nor does she rend her clothes. What does 'All may inspect the signs of leprosy', 'All are fit to inspect the signs o leprosy' include?20

ט ואימא הכי נמי (ויקרא יג, ב) אדם כי יהיה בעור בשרו מכל מקום

9 - That includes one who is not familiar with them and their names. But did not a Master say that one unfamiliar with them and their names may not inspect leprous signs?21

י ואלא איש למה לי לכדתניא איש אין לי אלא איש אשה מנין כשהוא אומר (ויקרא יג, מה) והצרוע הרי כאן שנים

10 Rabina said: This is no difficulty: One case speaks of one who understands them when they are explained, the other of one who, even when they are explained, does not understand them. What does 'All are fit to mix the ashes'22 include? According to R'Judah it includes a minor; In accord with the Sages it includes a woman, for we are taught: All are fit to mix the ashes except a deaf-mute, an imbecile or a minor.

יא א"כ מה ת"ל איש לענין של מטה איש פורע ופורם ואין האשה פורעת ופורמת

11 R'Judah considers a minor fit, but a woman and a hermaphrodite unfit. What does 'All are fit to sprinkle'23

יב הכל רואין את הנגעים הכל כשרין לראות את הנגעים לאתויי מאי לאתויי שאינו בקי בהן ובשמותיהן

12 include? - That includes an uncircumcised<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If two sons of one family have died because of the circumcision, the third is not to be circumcised, because of the hazakah (presumption) that a like fate might befall him. Such an uncircumcised person, being legally justified in failure to have the rite performed upon himself, does not fall into the category of the unfit.');">24 person In accord with the view of R'Eleazar; for R'Eleazar said: If an uncircumcised person sprinkled, his sprinkling is valid.

יג והאמר מר אינו בקי בהן ובשמותיהן אינו רואה את הנגעים אמר רבינא לא קשיא הא דמסברי ליה וסבר הא דמסברי ליה ולא סבר:

13 What does 'All are fit to slaughter ritually' include? - The first includes a Samaritan, the second a non-conforming Israelite.25 What does 'All may compel to go up to the land of Israel' include?26 -

יד הכל כשרין לקדש לאתויי מאי לרבי יהודה לאתויי קטן ולרבנן לאתויי אשה דתנן הכל כשרין לקדש חוץ מחרש שוטה וקטן רבי יהודה מכשיר בקטן ופוסל באשה ובאנדרוגינוס:

טו הכל כשירין להזות לאתויי מאי לאתויי ערל וכדר"א דא"ר אלעזר ערל שהזה הזאתו כשרה:

טז הכל שוחטין לאתויי מאי חדא לאתויי כותי וחדא לאתויי ישראל מומר

יז הכל מעלין לא"י לאתויי מאי

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