Arakhin 63

Chapter 63

א מדאיצטריך ליה להלל לתקוני נתינה בעל כרחו הויא נתינה הא בעלמא נתינה בעל כרחו לא הויא נתינה
1 For, since it was necessary for Hillel to ordain that [in this case] giving against [the recipient's will] is considered valid giving, the inference is that elsewhere such giving is not considered valid giving.
ב מתקיף לה רב פפא ואיתימא רב אשי ודילמא כי איצטריכא ליה להלל לתקוני שלא בפניו אבל בפניו בין מדעתו בין בעל כרחו הויא מתנה
2 To this R'Papa, or as others say, R'Shimi B'Ashi, demurred: But perhaps Hillel had to ordain this only in his absence, but in his presence it would be considered a valid gift both with his consent or without it? Others reported: Raba said, From the ordinance of Hillel [one can infer that if a husband said]: Here is your bill of divorce on condition that you give me two hundred zuz, and she thereupon gave them to him, whether that was given with his consent or against his will, it is a valid gift.
ג איכא דאמרי אמר רבא מתקנתו של הלל הרי זה גיטיך על מנת שתתני לי מאתים זוז ונתנה לו בין מדעתו בין בעל כרחו הויא נתינה וכי איצטריך ליה להלל לתקוני שלא בפניו אבל בפניו בין מדעתו בין בעל כרחו הויא נתינה
3 For Hillel's ordinance was necessary in the case of th recipient's absence; but where he was present, whether [given] with his consent or against his will, the gift is valid. To this R'Papa, or as some say, R'Shimi B'Ashi, demurred: But perhaps whether it was in his presence or absence, it is [valid] only [if it was given] with his consent, but not if without his consent, and to Hillel, he ordained what was required [by the circumstances of the case].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His ordinance providing also for the case where the owner was present. V. Git. 74b.');"><sup>1</sup></span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>WHATSOEVER IS WITHIN THE [CITY] WALL IS REGARDED AS THE DWELLING HOUSES IN A WALLED CITY, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF FIELDS.
ד מתקיף לה רב פפא ואיתימא רב שימי בר אשי ודילמא בין בפניו בין שלא בפניו מדעתו אין בעל כרחו לא והלל מאי דאיצטריך ליה תקין:
4 R'MEIR SAYS: ALSO FIELDS. IF A HOUSE IS BUILT INTO THE WALL, R'JUDAH SAYS: IT IS NOT CONSIDERED A HOUSE WITHIN A WALLED CITY.
ה <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> כל שהוא לפנים מן החומה הרי הוא כבתי ערי חומה חוץ מן השדות ר' מאיר אומר אף השדות בית הבנוי בחומה ר' יהודה אומר אינו כבתי ערי חומה ר"ש אומר כותל החיצון היא חומתו:
5 R'SIMEON SAYS: ITS OUTER WALL IS REGARDED AS ITS [CITY] WALL. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Our Rabbis taught: [It is written] 'house',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 29.');"><sup>2</sup></span> hence I know only about a house, whence [do I learn] to include the building for the oil-press, bath-houses, towers, dove-cotes, pits, trenches and caves? Therefore the text states: that is in the city.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 30.');"><sup>3</sup></span> One might have assumed that fields are also included, therefore it is said: 'house'. So R'Judah.
ו <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> ת"ר בית אין לי אלא בית מנין לרבות בתי בדים ובתי מרחצאות ומגדלות ושובכין ובורות ושיחין ומערות ת"ל (ויקרא כה, ל) אשר בעיר יכול שאני מרבה אף השדות ת"ל בית דברי רבי יהודה
6 R'Meir says, 'house', hence I know only about a house. Whence [do I learn] to include the buildings for the oil-press, bath-houses, towers, dove-cotes, pits, trenches and caves, and also fields? Therefore the text states: 'that is in the city'. But surely it is written: 'house'? - R'Hisda in the n of R'Kattina said: The practical difference between them applies in the case of a sand-mound and a glen.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A sand-mound for glassmaking, and a glen (shaft for metal-digging) . Aliter: a fish-pond. [It is to these that R. Meir refers under the term of 'fields', since they appertain to buildings but not to actual fields, in which he agrees with R. Judah, though R. Judah treats the former also as fields.]');"><sup>4</sup></span> Thus also was it taught: Concerning a sand-mound and a glen. R'Meir said: They are as houses, R'Judah: They are as fields. IF A HOUSE IS BUILT INTO THE WALL, R'JUDAH SAYS: IT IS NOT CONSIDERED A HOUSE WITHIN THE WALLED CITY, etc. R'Johanan said: And both expound the same Scriptural verse: Then she let them down by a court through the window; for her house was upon the side of the wall, and she dwelt upon the wall.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Joshua II, 15.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ז ר"מ אומר בית אין לי אלא בית מנין לרבות בתי בדים ובתי מרחצאות ומגדלות ושובכין ובורות שיחין ומערות ואפילו שדות ת"ל אשר בעיר
7 R'Simeon [explains it] according to the simple meaning of the text,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which states that the house was in the wall and she dwelt in (a city surrounded by) a wall.');"><sup>6</sup></span> whilst R'Judah holds: She dwelt upon the wall, not in a walled city. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>[A HOUSE WITHIN] A CITY WHOSE HOUSEROOFS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ed. Lowe of the Mishnah reads: gannotheha (house-gardens) instead of gaggotheha (house-roofs) .');"><sup>7</sup></span> FORM ITS WALL, OR THAT WAS NOT ENCOMPASSED BY A WALL IN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'since', v. GEMARA:');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ח ואלא הא כתיב בית אמר רב חסדא אמר רב קטינא חולסית ומצולה איכא בינייהו והתניא חולסית ומצולה ר"מ אומר כבתים ר' יהודה אומר כשדות:
8 THE DAYS OF JOSHUA B. NUN, IS NOT CONSIDERED A DWELLING HOUSE IN A WALLED CITY. [A HOUSE IN ANY OF] THE FOLLOWING IS ACCOUNTED A HOUSE IN A WALLED CITY: [THOSE IN A CITY] OF NO LESS THAN THREE COURTYARDS, HAVING TWO HOUSES EACH, WHICH HAVE BEEN ENCOMPASSED BY A WALL IN THE DAYS OF JOSHUA B. NUN, SUCH AS THE OLD CASTLE OF SEPPHORIS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In Lower Galilee.');"><sup>9</sup></span> THE FORT OF GUSH-HALAB.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Fort of Gush-Halab, identified by Neubauer with Josephus' Giskala.');"><sup>10</sup></span> OLD YODPAT,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Yotapata mentioned by Josephus.');"><sup>11</sup></span> GAMALA,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the eastern shore of Lake Galilee.');"><sup>12</sup></span> GADUD,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec: Gadar, perhaps Gadara, a fortress described by Josephus as the capital of Beraea.');"><sup>13</sup></span> HADID,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mentioned in Ezra II. 33; east of Lydda.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ט בית הבנוי בחומה ר' יהודה אומר אינו כבתי ערי חומה [וכו']: אמר רבי יוחנן ושניהם מקרא אחד דרשו (יהושע ב, טו) ותורידם בחבל בעד החלון כי ביתה בקיר החומה ובחומה היא יושבת (ר"מ) [ר' שמעון] סבר כפשטיה דקרא ור' יהודה סבר בחומה היא יושבת ולא בעיר חומה:
9 ONO,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Modern Kefir Anneh, N. of Lydda.');"><sup>15</sup></span> JERUSALEM AND THE LIKE. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Our Rabbis taught: [It is written,] 'a wall',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 30.');"><sup>16</sup></span> but not a line formed by joining roofs; round about,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 31. tk uk');"><sup>17</sup></span> that excludes Tiberias whose wall is the lake. R'Eliezer B'Jose says: asher lo homah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Asher lo homah (E.V. 'that is in the walled city') ; the kethib is spelt (not) , meaning lit., 'which has no wall' and the kere, (to it) , i.e. 'which has a wall to it', hence the combination of the meanings: Even if it has no wall now, as long as it had one in the long ago it is, for the purposes of these laws, considered a walled city.');"><sup>18</sup></span>
י <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> עיר שגגותיה חומתה ושאינה מוקפת חומה מימות יהושע בן נון אינה כבתי ערי חומה ואלו הן בתי ערי חומה שלש חצרות של שני בתים מוקפת חומה מימות יהושע בן נון כגון קצרה הישנה של ציפורי וחקרה של גוש חלב ויודפת הישנה וגמלא וגדוד וחדיד ואונה וירושלים וכן כיוצא בהן:
10 even though it has none now, as long as it had one before. [A HOUSE IN ANY OF] THE FOLLOWING IS ACCOUNTED IN WALLED CITIES etc. It was taught: Gamala was in Galilee, Gadud in Transjordania, Hadid, Ono and Jerusalem in Judaea. What does he mean to say?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely not that there were no walled cities in Galilee save Gamala, or in Transjordania save Gadud!');"><sup>19</sup></span>
יא <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> ת"ר חומה ולא שור איגר סביב פרט לטבריה שימה חומתה
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יב רבי אליעזר בר יוסי אומר (ויקרא כה, ל) אשר לוא חומה אע"פ שאין לו עכשיו והיה לו קודם לכן:
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יג ואלו הן בתי ערי חומה כו': תנא גמלא בגליל וגדוד בעבר הירדן וחדיד ואונה וירושלים ביהודה מאי קאמר
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