Bekhorot 58

ורב יהודה בר אמי משמיה דרב יהודה אמר

And R'Judah B'Ami reported in the name of Rab Judah: A beth ha-peras which has been trodden is levitically clean.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The field having been trodden by several people, it is impossible that a dead man's bone the size of a barley-corn could remain to cause uncleanness, v. Pes. 92b.');">¹</span>

בית הפרס שנידש טהור

Or, we may also say: [The Mishnah refers] to other impurities,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., coming in contact with a carcass or dead reptile, the negative precept cited above referring exclusively to a corpse.');">²</span>

א"נ

concerning which he is not warned [against coming into contact].

בשאר טומאות דלא מזהר עלייהו:

IF HE WAS AN OLD MAN, HE MOUNTS HIM ON AN ASS.

אם היה זקן מרכיבו על החמור:

A Tanna taught: He receives payment on the scale of a workman with nothing to do.

תנא

[What does the expression 'an idle workman' mean, since it does not render him idle? ] - Abaye said: He pays the priest like a workman idle from his particular occupation.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If, for example, he performs light work and earns a big wage, then the priest's compensation would only be slightly less than what he receives for his normal work. But if his work was of an arduous kind for which he received say, three zuz, then if he had invited him to take a zuz for much lighter work, he would probably have accepted the offer, This is therefore what the priest receives now for his services which prevented him following his occupation, but not the whole of his usual wages, as the work which the priest is performing for him is not arduous.');">³</span>

כפועל בטל

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF ONE IS SUSPECTED IN CONNECTION WITH FIRSTLINGS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., of causing blemishes.');">⁴</span>

אמר אביי

EVEN DEER'S FLESH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The flesh being red, it can be exchanged for calf's flesh, and he might therefore sell him the flesh of an unblemished firstling calf, pretending that it is deer's flesh.');">⁵</span>

כפועל בטל של אותה מלאכה:

WE MUST NOT BUY FROM HIM, NOR UNDRESSED HIDES.

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> החשוד על הבכורות אין לוקחין ממנו בשר צבאים ולא עורות שאינן עבודים

R'ELIEZER SAYS: FEMALE HIDES WE MAY BUY FROM HIM.

רבי אליעזר אומר

WASHED OR DIRTY WOOL WE MUST NOT BUY FROM HIM BUT SPUN WOOL OR GARMENTS WE MAY BUY FROM HIM.

לוקחין ממנו עורות של נקבה

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>[The reason for prohibiting] deer's flesh is because it might be exchanged for calf's flesh.

ואין לוקחין ממנו צמר מלובן וצואי אבל לוקחין ממנו טוי ובגדים:

Undressed skins are forbidden [to be bought], thus implying that dressed skins we may buy.

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> בשר צבאים

What is the reason? - If there was any substance in the suspicion that they might be of a firstling, he would not have troubled in the matter, reflecting thus: If the Rabbis heard about me,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That I took it from an unblemished firstling which requires burial. Therefore to spare himself unnecessary trouble, he would not dress the skins, if they came from firstlings,');">⁶</span>

דמיחלף בדעגלה ולא עורות שאינן עבודים

they would make me forfeit them.

הא עבודים זבנינן

R'ELIEZER SAYS: FEMALE HIDES WE MAY BUY FROM HIM.

אם איתא דבכור הוה לא הוה טרח ביה סבר

What is the reason? - It is easily recognized.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The difference between the skin of a male and a female. A female animal is not subject to the law of the firstling.');">⁷</span>

אי שמעו ביה רבנן מפסדו לי מינאי:

And the first Tanna?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In our Mishnah, who forbids the purchasing of skins of both sexes, as he makes no distinction. But surely one can observe a difference in the skins!');">⁸</span>

רבי אליעזר אומר

If this be so, then in the case of a male also he might cut away the male genital<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And make the part look like a female organ and when questioned about the cut in the organ, he may ascribe it to the work of mice.');">⁹</span>

לוקחין ממנו עורות של נקבה:

and maintain that mice have devoured it.

מאי טעמא

And the other? - The action of mice is easily recognized.

מידע ידיע

WASHED OR DIRTY WOOL WE MUST NOT BUY FROM HIM.

ות"ק

If we must not purchase washed wool<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where one might have said that he would not take the trouble to wash the wool if it came from a firstling, for fear that the Rabbis might hear of the case and he would as a result have to forfeit it.');">¹⁰</span>

א"כ זכר נמי חייק לזכרותיה ואמר עכברים אכלוה

[from], him is there any question about dirty wool? - Rather this is stated as one case: Wool washed from its dirt.

ואידך

BUT SPUN WOOL OR GARMENTS WE MAY BUY FROM HIM.

בי עכברים מידע ידיע:

Now if we must not buy spun wool, is there any question as to garments?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since we have already permitted it from the moment when the wool was spun.');">¹¹</span>

ואין לוקחין ממנו צמר מלובן וצואי:

- The kind of garments meant are felt spreadings.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which were never spun and therefore our Mishnah needs to inform us what the ruling is.');">¹²</span>

השתא צמר מלובן לא זבנינן צואי מיבעיא

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF ONE IS SUSPECTED OF IGNORING THE SABBATICAL YEAR,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., of sowing or doing business with the spontaneous growth of the sabbatical year.');">¹³</span>

אלא חדא קתני

FLAX MUST NOT BE BOUGHT FROM HIM, EVEN CARDED;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And prepared with a comb.');">¹⁴</span>

צמר מלובן מצואתו:

BUT SPUN OR WOVEN WOOL MAY BE BOUGHT FROM HIM.

אבל לוקחין ממנו טוי ובגדים:

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Now if spun wool may be bought, is there any question with regard to woven wool?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As we have already permitted the buying of the wool in the earlier stage of spinning.');">¹⁵</span>

השתא טוי זבנינן בגדים מיבעיא

- 'Woven' means here twists.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ropes made from flax before they are spun.');">¹⁶</span>

מאי בגדים נמטי:

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF ONE IS SUSPECTED OF SELLING TERUMAH AS HULLIN, EVEN WATER AND SALT MUST NOT BE BOUGHT FROM HIM.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As a punishment.');">¹⁷</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> החשוד על השביעית אין לוקחין ממנו פשתן ואפילו סרק אבל לוקחין מהם טוי ואריג:

THESE ARE THE WORDS OF R'JUDAH.

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> השתא טוי זבנינן אריג מיבעיא

R'SIMEON SAYS: WHATEVER COMES UNDER THE OBLIGATION OF TERUMAH AND TITHES MUST NOT BE BOUGHT FROM HIM.

מאי אריג תיכי:

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>[The expression 'WHATEVER' of R'Simeon], what does it include? - It includes the entrails of fish in which oil is mixed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Oil being subject to the law of terumah.');">¹⁸</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> החשוד להיות מוכר תרומה לשום חולין אין לוקחין ממנו אפילו מים ומלח דברי רבי יהודה

There was a certain butcher suspected of selling

רבי שמעון אומר

כל שיש בו זיקת תרומה ומעשרות אין לוקחין ממנו:

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> לאתויי מאי

לאתויי קרבי דגים דמערבי בהו שמן זית

ההוא טבחא דהוה חשוד לזבוני