Bekhorot 58

Chapter 58

א ורב יהודה בר אמי משמיה דרב יהודה אמר בית הפרס שנידש טהור
1 And R'Judah B'Ami reported in the name of Rab Judah: A beth ha-peras which has been trodden is levitically clean.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The field having been trodden by several people, it is impossible that a dead man's bone the size of a barley-corn could remain to cause uncleanness, v. Pes. 92b.');"><sup>1</sup></span> Or, we may also say: [The Mishnah refers] to other impurities,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., coming in contact with a carcass or dead reptile, the negative precept cited above referring exclusively to a corpse.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב א"נ בשאר טומאות דלא מזהר עלייהו:
2 concerning which he is not warned [against coming into contact]. IF HE WAS AN OLD MAN, HE MOUNTS HIM ON AN ASS.
ג אם היה זקן מרכיבו על החמור: תנא כפועל בטל אמר אביי כפועל בטל של אותה מלאכה:
3 A Tanna taught: He receives payment on the scale of a workman with nothing to do. [What does the expression 'an idle workman' mean, since it does not render him idle? ] - Abaye said: He pays the priest like a workman idle from his particular occupation.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If, for example, he performs light work and earns a big wage, then the priest's compensation would only be slightly less than what he receives for his normal work. But if his work was of an arduous kind for which he received say, three zuz, then if he had invited him to take a zuz for much lighter work, he would probably have accepted the offer, This is therefore what the priest receives now for his services which prevented him following his occupation, but not the whole of his usual wages, as the work which the priest is performing for him is not arduous.');"><sup>3</sup></span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF ONE IS SUSPECTED IN CONNECTION WITH FIRSTLINGS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., of causing blemishes.');"><sup>4</sup></span> EVEN DEER'S FLESH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The flesh being red, it can be exchanged for calf's flesh, and he might therefore sell him the flesh of an unblemished firstling calf, pretending that it is deer's flesh.');"><sup>5</sup></span> WE MUST NOT BUY FROM HIM, NOR UNDRESSED HIDES.
ד <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> החשוד על הבכורות אין לוקחין ממנו בשר צבאים ולא עורות שאינן עבודים רבי אליעזר אומר לוקחין ממנו עורות של נקבה ואין לוקחין ממנו צמר מלובן וצואי אבל לוקחין ממנו טוי ובגדים:
4 R'ELIEZER SAYS: FEMALE HIDES WE MAY BUY FROM HIM. WASHED OR DIRTY WOOL WE MUST NOT BUY FROM HIM BUT SPUN WOOL OR GARMENTS WE MAY BUY FROM HIM. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>[The reason for prohibiting] deer's flesh is because it might be exchanged for calf's flesh. Undressed skins are forbidden [to be bought], thus implying that dressed skins we may buy.
ה <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> בשר צבאים דמיחלף בדעגלה
5 What is the reason? - If there was any substance in the suspicion that they might be of a firstling, he would not have troubled in the matter, reflecting thus: If the Rabbis heard about me,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That I took it from an unblemished firstling which requires burial. Therefore to spare himself unnecessary trouble, he would not dress the skins, if they came from firstlings,');"><sup>6</sup></span> they would make me forfeit them.
ו ולא עורות שאינן עבודים הא עבודים זבנינן אם איתא דבכור הוה לא הוה טרח ביה סבר אי שמעו ביה רבנן מפסדו לי מינאי:
6 R'ELIEZER SAYS: FEMALE HIDES WE MAY BUY FROM HIM. What is the reason? - It is easily recognized.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The difference between the skin of a male and a female. A female animal is not subject to the law of the firstling.');"><sup>7</sup></span> And the first Tanna?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In our Mishnah, who forbids the purchasing of skins of both sexes, as he makes no distinction. But surely one can observe a difference in the skins!');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ז רבי אליעזר אומר לוקחין ממנו עורות של נקבה: מאי טעמא מידע ידיע
7 If this be so, then in the case of a male also he might cut away the male genital<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And make the part look like a female organ and when questioned about the cut in the organ, he may ascribe it to the work of mice.');"><sup>9</sup></span> and maintain that mice have devoured it. And the other? - The action of mice is easily recognized. WASHED OR DIRTY WOOL WE MUST NOT BUY FROM HIM.
ח ות"ק א"כ זכר נמי חייק לזכרותיה ואמר עכברים אכלוה ואידך בי עכברים מידע ידיע:
8 If we must not purchase washed wool<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where one might have said that he would not take the trouble to wash the wool if it came from a firstling, for fear that the Rabbis might hear of the case and he would as a result have to forfeit it.');"><sup>10</sup></span> [from], him is there any question about dirty wool? - Rather this is stated as one case: Wool washed from its dirt. BUT SPUN WOOL OR GARMENTS WE MAY BUY FROM HIM. Now if we must not buy spun wool, is there any question as to garments?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since we have already permitted it from the moment when the wool was spun.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ט ואין לוקחין ממנו צמר מלובן וצואי: השתא צמר מלובן לא זבנינן צואי מיבעיא אלא חדא קתני צמר מלובן מצואתו:
9 - The kind of garments meant are felt spreadings.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which were never spun and therefore our Mishnah needs to inform us what the ruling is.');"><sup>12</sup></span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF ONE IS SUSPECTED OF IGNORING THE SABBATICAL YEAR,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., of sowing or doing business with the spontaneous growth of the sabbatical year.');"><sup>13</sup></span> FLAX MUST NOT BE BOUGHT FROM HIM, EVEN CARDED;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And prepared with a comb.');"><sup>14</sup></span> BUT SPUN OR WOVEN WOOL MAY BE BOUGHT FROM HIM.
י אבל לוקחין ממנו טוי ובגדים: השתא טוי זבנינן בגדים מיבעיא מאי בגדים נמטי:
10 <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Now if spun wool may be bought, is there any question with regard to woven wool?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As we have already permitted the buying of the wool in the earlier stage of spinning.');"><sup>15</sup></span> - 'Woven' means here twists.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ropes made from flax before they are spun.');"><sup>16</sup></span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF ONE IS SUSPECTED OF SELLING TERUMAH AS HULLIN, EVEN WATER AND SALT MUST NOT BE BOUGHT FROM HIM.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As a punishment.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
יא <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> החשוד על השביעית אין לוקחין ממנו פשתן ואפילו סרק אבל לוקחין מהם טוי ואריג:
11 THESE ARE THE WORDS OF R'JUDAH.
יב <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> השתא טוי זבנינן אריג מיבעיא מאי אריג תיכי:
12 R'SIMEON SAYS: WHATEVER COMES UNDER THE OBLIGATION OF TERUMAH AND TITHES MUST NOT BE BOUGHT FROM HIM. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>[The expression 'WHATEVER' of R'Simeon], what does it include? - It includes the entrails of fish in which oil is mixed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Oil being subject to the law of terumah.');"><sup>18</sup></span>
יג <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> החשוד להיות מוכר תרומה לשום חולין אין לוקחין ממנו אפילו מים ומלח דברי רבי יהודה רבי שמעון אומר כל שיש בו זיקת תרומה ומעשרות אין לוקחין ממנו:
13 There was a certain butcher suspected of selling
יד <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> לאתויי מאי לאתויי קרבי דגים דמערבי בהו שמן זית
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טו ההוא טבחא דהוה חשוד לזבוני
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