Chullin 107

וושט נקובתו במשהו דרוסתו במשהו

With regard to the gullet, as the slightest perforation [is sufficient to render the animal trefah], so too is t slightest indication of clawing; but with regard to the windpipe, since [it is established that] there must be a hole the size of an issar,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. next MISHNAH:');">¹</span>

קנה נקובתו בכאיסר דרוסתו בכמה

what is the law as to the clawing thereof? - After raising this question he himself answered it thus: In either organ the slightest indication of clawing [will render the animal trefah].

בתר דבעיא הדר פשטה

Why?

אחד זה ואחד זה במשהו מאי טעמא

Because the poison gradually burns away more and more.

זיהריה מקלא קלי ואזיל

R'Isaac B'Samuel B'Martha was sitting before R'Nahman and recited: The examination of which the Rabbis have spoken in the case of clawing, must be carried out in the region of the intestines.

יתיב רב יצחק בר שמואל בר מרתא קמיה דרב נחמן ויתיב וקאמר

Thereupon R'Nahman said to him, 'By God! Rab used to rule [that an examination must be made of all the internal organs] from the pan to the hips'.

דרוסה שאמרו צריכה בדיקה כנגד בני מעיים

Now what is 'the pan'?

(ר"נ אמר)

Is it the pan of the fore-limb?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the shoulder-blade or scapula.');">²</span>

האלהים

But then this view would be identical with [that mentioned above] 'in the region of the intestines'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For it includes all the internal organs, the lungs and the liver, and these are the organs comprehended within the expression 'from the scapula to the hips'.');">³</span>

מורי בה רב מכפא ועד אטמא

It must mean, therefore, from the pan of the brain to the hips.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And this would include the organs of the throat too.');">⁴</span>

מאי כפא

When R'Hiyya B'Joseph went up [to Palestine] he found R'Johanan and R'Simeon B'Lakish stating their view, namely, that the examination of which [the Rabbis have] spoken in the case of clawing, must be carried out in the region of the intestines.

אילימא כפא דידא היינו כנגד בני מעיים

He thereupon said: 'By God! Rab used to rule [that an examination must be made of all the internal organs] from the pan to the hips'.

אלא מכפא דמוחא עד אטמא

Resh Lakish retorted: 'Who is this Rab?

כי סליק רב חייא בר יוסף אשכחינהו לרבי יוחנן וריש לקיש דיתבי וקאמרי

Who is this Rab?

דרוסה שאמרו צריכה בדיקה כנגד בני מעיים

I know him not'.

אמר להו

Said R'Johanan to him, 'Do you not remember that disciple who attended the lectures of the Great Rabbi and of R'Hiyya, and, by God! all the years during which that disciple sat before his teachers<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., as an advanced student Rab was permitted to sit at the lectures.');">⁵</span>

האלהים

I remained standing! And in what [do you think] he excelled?

מורי בה רב מכפא ועד אטמא

He excelled in everything!'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Aliter: 'What kind of man was he? He was a man in everything'.');">⁶</span>

א"ל ריש לקיש

Immediately Resh Lakish exclaimed: Verily that man is to be remembered for good! For in his name has the following dictum been reported, viz. , If, after slaughtering, [the windpipe] was found to be torn loose,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And it is doubtful whether it was torn loose before or after the slaughtering.');">⁷</span>

מנו רב ומנו רב

the animal is permitted, for it is impossible to have cut through an organ that had been torn loose.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The fact that the organ has been cut in the proper manner proves that it was torn away only after the slaughtering.');">⁸</span>

ולא ידענא ליה

R'Johanan, however, said: He should compare it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he should bring and compare'. I.e., he should make another cut in this same windpipe, and if the cuts resemble each other the animal would be trefah, for it is evident that just as the second cut so the first cut too was made in an organ that had already been torn loose.');">⁹</span>

א"ר יוחנן

R'Nahman said: The rule [of Rab] holds good only if the slaughterer did not grasp the organs [when slaughtering], but if he did grasp the organs, [the slaughtering is invalid, for] then it is possible to cut through an organ that had been torn loose.

ולא נהירא ליה לאותו תלמיד ששימש את רבי רבה ור' חייא

THIS IS THE RULE.

והאלהים

What cases does it include? - It includes the Seven Statements.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra ');">¹⁰</span>

כל אותן שנים ששימש אותו תלמיד בישיבה אני שמשתי בעמידה ומאן גבר הוא גבר בכולא

The members of the house of Joseph the fowler used to kill beasts by striking them on the sciatic nerve.

מיד פתח ריש לקיש ואמר

When they came to enquire<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To ascertain whether the slaughtering of an animal so struck would be valid or not.');">¹¹</span>

ברם זכור אותו האיש לטוב שאמרו שמועה מפיו

of R'Judah B'Bathyra, he said to them, 'May we then add to the list of defects [which render an animal trefah]?

שמוטה ושחוטה כשרה שאי אפשר לשמוטה שתיעשה שחוטה

We accept only those enumerated by the Rabbis'.

ור' יוחנן אומר

The members of the house of R'Papa B'Abba the fowler used to kill beasts by striking them on the kidney.

יביא ויקיף

When they came to enquire<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To ascertain whether the slaughtering of an animal so struck would be valid or not.');">¹¹</span>

אמר רב נחמן

of R'Abba, he said to them, 'May we then add to the list of defects?

לא שנו אלא שלא תפס בסימנים אבל תפס בסימנים ושחט אפשר לשמוטה שתיעשה שחוטה:

We accept only those enumerated by the Rabbis'.

זה הכלל:

But do we not see that the beast dies [from the blow]?

לאתויי מאי

It is established [beyond doubt] that if salves were applied, it would live.

לאתויי שב שמעתתא

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>AND THE FOLLOWING [DEFECTS] DO NOT RENDER CATTLE TREFAH: IF THE WINDPIPE WAS PIERCED, OR SLIT LENGTHWISE;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But none of 'its substance was missing; V. supra 45a');">¹²</span>

דבי יוסף רישבא מחו בגידא נשיא וקטלי אתו לקמיה דרבי יהודה בן בתירא אמר להו

.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A coin, the Roman as, a twenty-fourth part of a denar.');">¹³</span>

וכי להוסיף על הטרפות יש

IF PART OF THE SKULL BROKE OFF BUT THE MEMBRANE OF THE BRAIN WAS NOT PIERCED; IF THE HEART WAS PIERCED BUT NOT AS FAR AS THE CAVITY THEREOF; IF THE SPINE WAS BROKEN BUT THE CORD WAS NOT SEVERED; IF THE LIVER WAS GONE BUT AN OLIVE'S SIZE THEREOF REMAINED; IF THE OMASUM AND RETICULUM WERE PIERCED ON THE INSIDE;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the perforation was in that part where one organ lies close to the other without any space intervening. The food therefore would only pass from one organ into the other and could in no way cause an infection of the internal organs.');">¹⁴</span>

אין לך אלא מה שמנו חכמים

IF THE SPLEEN WAS GONE, OR THE KIDNEYS, OR THE LOWER JAW-BONE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The organs of the throat, however, remained intact attached to the muscles of the throat.');">¹⁵</span>

רב פפא בר אבא רישבא מחו בכוליא וקטלי אתו לקמיה דרבי אבא אמר להו

OR THE WOMB; IF THE LUNG WAS SHRIVELLED UP BY AN ACT OF GOD.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'by the hands of heaven'. I.e., sclerosis of the lung, here caused by a fright through an act of nature, by thunder or by lightning.');">¹⁶</span>

וכי להוסיף על הטרפות יש

IF AN ANIMAL WAS STRIPPED OF ITS HIDE, R'MEIR DECLARES IT VALID BUT THE RABBIS DECLARE IT INVALID.

אין לך אלא מה שמנו חכמים

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>It was reported: R'Johanan says.

והא קא חזינן דקא מתה

The former Mishnah, 'The following [defects] render cattle trefah', is to be emphasized; R'Simeon B'Lakish says.

גמירי דאי בדרי לה סמא חייא:

This Mishnah, 'AND THE FOLLOWING [DEFECTS] DO NOT RENDER CATTLE TREFAH', is to be emphasized.

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ואלו כשרות בבהמה

What is the real issue between them? - It is R'Mattena's case.

ניקבה הגרגרת או שנסדקה

For R'Mattena ruled: If the top of the femur slipped out of its socket, the animal is trefah - Now R'Johanan who said that the former Mishnah, namely, 'The following [defects] render cattle trefah', was to be emphasized.

עד כמה תחסר

argues thus: The Tanna stated various defects and finally added: 'This is the rule'.

רשב"ג אומר

עד כאיסר האיטלקי

נפחתה הגולגולת ולא ניקב קרום של מוח

ניקב הלב ולא לבית חללו

נשברה השדרה ולא נפסק החוט שלה

ניטלה הכבד ונשתייר הימנה כזית

המסס ובית הכוסות שניקבו זה לתוך זה

ניטל הטחול ניטלו הכליות ניטל לחי התחתון ניטלה האם שלה וחרותה בידי שמים

הגלודה רבי מאיר מכשיר וחכמים פוסלין:

<big><strong>גמ'</strong></big> אתמר רבי יוחנן אמר

אלו טרפות דוקא ור' שמעון בן לקיש אמר

אלו כשרות דוקא

במאי קא מיפלגי

בדרב מתנא דאמר רב מתנא

האי בוקא דאטמא דשף מדוכתיה טרפה

ר' יוחנן אמר

אלו טרפות דוקא

תנא טרפות ותנא זה הכלל