Chullin 121

מה נשר מיוחד שאין לו אצבע יתרה וזפק ואין קורקבנו נקלף ודורס ואוכל טמא אף כל כיוצא בו טמא

which implies, as the eagle is peculiar in that it has neither an extra toe nor a crop, its gizzard cannot be peeled, it seizes prey and eats it, and is unclean, so all that have the like characteristics are unclean.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For they certainly belong to the species of the eagle. Any other bird, however, that has one or more than one characteristic of cleanness is clean, provided it is not one of the other species of unclean birds specified in the Torah.');">¹</span>

תורין שיש להן אצבע יתרה וזפק וקורקבן נקלף ואין דורסין ואוכלין טהורין אף כל כיוצא בהן טהורין

[It is also written,] Turtle doves,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., Lev. I, 14, as fit for sacrifice.');">²</span>

אמר אביי

which implies, as the turtle dove has an extra toe and a crop, its gizzard can be peeled, it does not seize prey and eat it, and is clean, so all that have the like characteristics are clean!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The propositions in this Baraitha are inferred from the interpretation of words in the Torah and are regarded as implicit in the Torah, thus contradicting our Mishnah which declares that the characteristics of birds are not stated in the Torah.');">³</span>

לא נאמר פירושן מדברי תורה אלא מדברי סופרים

- Abaye answered: They were not expressly stated in the Torah but were inferred by the Scribes.

תני רבי חייא

R'Hiyya taught: A bird that has one characteristic [of cleanness] only, is clean,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A fortiori if it has more than one characteristic of cleanness; provided, however, it is not one of the other species of unclean birds specified in the Torah.');">⁴</span>

עוף הבא בסימן אחד טהור לפי שאין דומה לנשר

since it obviously is not of the same species as the eagle; for you may not eat the eagle as it has no characteristics [of cleanness], but whatsoever has one characteristic you may eat.

נשר דלית ליה כלל הוא דלא תיכול הא איכא דאית ליה חד תיכול

But let us rather infer [the rule]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. R. Hiyya's.');">⁵</span>

ולילף מתורין מה תורין דאיכא כולהו ארבעה אף ה"נ עד דאיכא כולהו ארבעה

from turtle doves thus: As turtle doves have the four [characteristics of cleanness], so all birds must have the four [characteristics]! - so, why does the Divine Law specify all the other Unclean birds?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For not one of them has all the four characteristics of cleanness, and it would be obvious that they are unclean.');">⁶</span>

אם כן שאר עופות טמאין דכתב רחמנא למה לי

But let us infer it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That one characteristic of cleanness alone is not sufficient.');">⁷</span>

ונילף מינייהו

from these [unclean birds specified in the Torah] thus: As these have three [characteristics of cleanness] and yet we may not eat them, so we may not eat all birds that have three [characteristics], (and a fortiori if it has but two [characteristics] or only one [characteristic of cleanness]) !<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The bracketed passage is rightly omitted in MS.M. crug');">⁸</span>

מה התם תלתא ולא אכלינן אף כל תלתא ולא ניכול וכל שכן תרי וחד

- If so, why does the Divine Law specify the raven?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. It has only two characteristics of cleanness, and according to the foregoing argument it would most certainly be unclean. For the hbpn specific two characteristics v. Tosaf. infra 62a, s.v. .');">⁹</span>

אם כן עורב דכתב רחמנא למה לי

Surely if we may not eat those that have three [characteristics of cleanness] it goes without saying [that we may not eat] those that have only two [characteristics]!

השתא דאית ליה תלתא לא אכלינן דאית ליה תרי מיבעיא