Chullin 123

היה בקי בהן ובשמותיהן עוף הבא בסימן אחד טהור

To one who is familiar with these birds<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the peres and the 'ozniah. These are the only unclean birds that have only one characteristic of cleanness.');">¹</span>

לא היה בקי בהן ובשמותיהן בסימן אחד טמא בשני סימנין טהור והוא שיכיר עורב

and their nomenclature any bird that has one characteristic [of cleanness] is clean; but to one who is not familiar with these birds and their nomenclature any bird that has one characteristic [of cleanness is unclean],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For it might be of the species of the peres or 'ozniah.');">²</span>

עורב ותו לא

but that which has two characteristics [of cleanness] is clean; provided he recognizes the raven.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The raven is the only unclean bird that has two characteristics of cleanness.');">³</span>

והתניא

The raven only, and no other! Surely it has been taught: It is written: Raven,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 15. rhzrz');">⁴</span>

עורב זה עורב למינו ר' אליעזר אומר

that is the actual raven; after its kind, that, says R'Eliezer, includes the zarzir.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. , the starling.');">⁵</span>

להביא את הזרזיר

They said to R'Eliezer: But the men of Kefar Tamratha in Judah used to eat it, because it has a crop!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And this is not one of the two characteristics of cleanness of the raven. V. Tosaf. ad. loc. vbck ,hbubx');">⁶</span>

אמרו לו לר' אליעזר

He replied: They shall indeed have to account for it in the future.

והלא אנשי כפר תמרתא שביהודה היו אוכלים אותן מפני שיש להן זפק

Another version reads: 'After its kind', that, says R'Eliezer, includes the white senunith.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. , the white-bellied swallow, a species of raven; v. next note.');">⁷</span>

אמר להם

They said to R'Eliezer: But the men of Upper Galilee eat it, because its gizzard can be peeled!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And this is not one of the two characteristics of cleanness of the raven. V. Tosaf. ad. loc. vbck ,hbubx');">⁶</span>

אף הן עתידין ליתן את הדין

He replied: They shall indeed have to account for it in the future!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to R. Eliezer, therefore, the species 'raven' includes other birds as the swallow and starling, consequently in the statement of R. Nahman it should be necessary for a man to recognize all those birds that are included within the species 'raven'.');">⁸</span>

דבר אחר

Rather say, [provided he recognizes] the raven and all its kind.

למינהו להביא סנונית לבנה דברי ר"א

Amemar said: The law is that every bird that has one characteristic [of cleanness] is clean, that is, if it not seize prey.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to Rashi the meaning is, so long as it does not seize prey and it has in addition one characteristic of cleanness it is clean. tuvu According to Tosaf. (s.v.) the fact that it does not seize prey is the only characteristic of cleanness that it need Possess.');">⁹</span>

אמרו לו

R'Ashi said to Amemar: But what about the [above] statement of R'Nahman? - He replied: I have not heard of it, by which I mean to say: I do not agree with it.

והלא אנשי גליל העליון אוכלים אותו מפני שקרקבנו נקלף

For what is there to fear?

אמר להם

That it might be either the peres or the 'ozniah?

אף הן עתידין ליתן את הדין

But neither of these are found in inhabited regions.

אלא

Rab Judah said: A bird which scratches is permitted for use in the purification rite of a leper;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Lev. XIV. On the day of his cleansing the leper was required to take two living clean birds for Purification. The type of bird that scratches is not precluded, i.e., it is regarded as clean. The epithet 'scratch' is applied to a bird perhaps by reason of it peculiar beak, possibly the fissirostral birds, i.e., that have the beak broad and deeply cleft.');">¹⁰</span>

עורב וכל מין עורב

and this is the white senunith about which R'Eliezer and the Sages argued.

אמר אמימר הלכתא

Amemar said: As to the white-bellied [senunith] there is no dispute that it is permitted; they differ only about the green-bellied kind, which R'Eliezer forbids and the Rabbis permit, and the law rests with R'Eliezer.

עוף הבא בסימן אחד טהור והוא דלא דריס

Mar Zutra reports this passage as follows: As to the green-bellied senunith there is no dispute that it is forbidden; they differ only about the white-bellied kind, which R'Eliezer forbids and the Rabbis permit, and the law rests with the Rabbis.

א"ל רב אשי לאמימר

Now according to the version which reports the dispute [between R'Eliezer and the Rabbis] about the white-bellied kind it is right that it says above 'the white senunith'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra in the statement of R. Eliezer.');">¹¹</span>

הא דרב נחמן מאי

But according to the other version which reports the dispute about the green-bellied kind, why is 'the white senunith' mentioned? - In order to exclude the black kind which nests in [eaves of] houses.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This type of swallow is certainly forbidden.');">¹²</span>

א"ל

Rehabah said in the name of Rabbi<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Usually Rab Judah, v. Bez., Sonc. Ed., p. 54, n. 9.');">¹³</span>

לא שמיע לי כלומר לא סבירא לי

Judah: The tasil<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These are various species of doves; their identification is very doubtful. Cf. Lewysohn, Zoologie des Talmuds, pp. 203-205.');">¹⁴</span>

מאי איכא משום פרס ועזניה

is disqualified [for sacrifice] as a turtle dove but not disqualified as a young pigeon.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 22a.');">¹⁵</span>

ליתנהו בישוב

Dazife<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These are various species of doves; their identification is very doubtful. Cf. Lewysohn, Zoologie des Talmuds, pp. 203-205.');">¹⁴</span>

אמר רב יהודה

and the turtle doves of Rehabah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These are various species of doves; their identification is very doubtful. Cf. Lewysohn, Zoologie des Talmuds, pp. 203-205.');">¹⁴</span>

עוף המסרט כשר לטהרת מצורע וזו היא סנונית לבנה שנחלקו בה ר' אליעזר וחכמים

are not disqualified as turtle doves but are disqualified as young pigeons.

אמר אמימר

R'Daniel son of R'Kattina raised an objection.

בחיורא כרסה כולי עלמא לא פליגי דשריא

[We have learnt:] All birds

כי פליגי בדירוקא כרסה ר"א אסר ורבנן שרו והלכתא כר"א

מר זוטרא מתני הכי

בדירוקא כרסה כולי עלמא לא פליגי דאסיר

כי פליגי בדחיורא כרסה ר"א אסר ורבנן שרו והלכתא כרבנן דשרו

בשלמא למ"ד

בחיורא כרסה פליגי היינו דקתני

זו היא סנונית לבנה אלא למ"ד

בדירוקא פליגי מאי זו היא סנונית לבנה

לאפוקי דבתי דאוכמתי

אמר רחבה אמר רבי יהודה

תסיל פסול משום תורין וכשר משום בני יונה

דאציפי ותורין של רחבה כשרין משום תורין ופסולין משום בני יונה

מתיב רב דניאל בר רב קטינא

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