Chullin 124

פוסלין מי חטאת חוץ מן היונה מפני שמוצצת

render invalid the waters of purification<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If they had drunk therefrom. All birds, excepting doves, when drinking do not suck up the water but raise it in their beaks, and it is inevitable that some water should not run out of the beak and, in this case, drip back again into the bowl of purification water. This dripping would render the purification water invalid, because the water is thereby disturbed and it is considered as if it were put to some work. V. supra 9b.');">¹</span>

ואם איתא ליתני

except the dove, because it sucks up the water.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And no water drips back into the bowl. Par. IX, 3.');">²</span>

חוץ מיונה ותסיל

Now if it were [as you say], it should read 'Except the dove and the tasil'? - R'Zera answered: The latter sucks up the water and spits it back,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Spitting renders the purification water invalid. V. Par. loc. cit.');">³</span>

א"ר זירא

whereas the former sucks up without spitting.

זה מוצץ ומקיא וזה מוצץ ואינו מקיא

Rab Judah said: Zuzinian<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Probably the name of some place, v. Neub. Geog. p. 396. But v. Lewysohn, op. cit., p. 204.');">⁴</span>

אמר רב יהודה

doves are fit for the altar; and they are identical with the doves of Rehabah.

הני כופשני צוצייני כשרים לגבי מזבח והן הן תורין של רחבה

An objection was raised.

מיתיבי

[We have learnt:]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neg. XIV, 6; Par. XI, 7; Suk. 13a.');">⁵</span>

(במדבר יט, ו) אזוב ולא אזוב יון ולא אזוב כוחלי ולא אזוב רומי ולא מדברי ולא כל אזוב שיש לו שם לווי

Hyssop,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XIX, 6. Hyssop was required to be used in the rites in connection with the Red Cow.');">⁶</span>

אמר אביי

but not Greek hyssop, nor Kohalith<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A species of hyssop from the place Kohalith (so Maim. and Jast.) . Others, 'stibium hyssop' or 'blue hyssop'.');">⁷</span>

כל שנשתנה שמו קודם מתן תורה והקפידה תורה עליו יש לו שם לווי פסול והני לא נשתנו שמן קודם מתן תורה

hyssop, nor Roman hyssop, nor wild hyssop, nor any kind of hyssop which bears a special name!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Likewise it should be held that doves which bear a special name, as here, should not be allowed upon the altar for sacrifice, contra Rab Judah.');">⁸</span>

רבא אמר

- Abaye said: Everything which prior to the giving of the Torah had various names, and we find that the Torah is particular about it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the Torah nowhere refers to it by its special name.');">⁹</span>

הני כופשני צוצייני באתרייהו סתמא קרי להו

then those kinds that bear a special name are invalid.

אמר רב יהודה

These doves, however, did not have various names prior to the giving of the Torah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The various types of doves going under different names were not known before the giving of the Torah, hence the Torah contemplated all doves. hzrf');">¹⁰</span>

הני כרזי דבי חילפי שרו ודבי כרבי אסירי

Raba said: These Zuzinian doves are called simply ['doves'] in their locality.

אמר רבינא

Rab Judah said: Karze<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A species of locust, so Rashi: but v. Tosaf. s.v. , according to whom birds and not locusts are spoken of here. V. Lewysohn, op. cit., p. 297.');">¹¹</span>

ומלקינן עלייהו משום שרץ העוף

which are found among the rushes are permitted, but those found among cabbages are forbidden.

ואמר רב יהודה

Rabina added: And we scourge [him that eats them] for [eating] winged creeping things.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 23. tsrm tsrc');">¹²</span>

צרדא שרי ברדא אסיר וסימניך

Rab Judah further said: Zarda<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This and the following names are all names of birds. For suggested identifications v. Lewysohn, op. cit., p. 187: , the linnet, , the tsrn usrn white jay, and or , the moor-cock, respectively. rc tsrc tsrc');">¹³</span>

בר מיניה

is permitted but barda<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This and the following names are all names of birds. For suggested identifications v. Lewysohn, op. cit., p. 187: , the linnet, , the tsrn usrn white jay, and or , the moor-cock, respectively. rc tsrc tsrc');">¹³</span>

מרדא ספקא

is forbidden; and in order to remember this think of the expression, 'Keep aloof [bar] from it'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' , the first syllable of the name , means 'keep aloof', thus hinting that one must keep away, from , for it is forbidden.');">¹⁴</span>

אמר רב אסי שמונה ספיקות הן

As to marda<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 339, n. 21.');">¹⁵</span>

חובא חוגא סוגא והרנוגא תושלמי ומרדא כוחילנא ובר נפחא

there is a doubt.

מאי ספיקייהו

R'Assi said: There are eight birds regarding which there is a doubt, viz. , Huba, huga, suga, harnuga, tushlami, marda, kohilna, and bar nappaka.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Possibly the crested lark, the lark, the wren, the mountain chaffinch, the wood lark, the moor-hen, the black woodpecker, and the partridge respectively. V. Lewysohn. It must be pointed out that these identifications are extremely doubtful. The suggestions can hardly be more than guesses.');">¹⁶</span>

עופות טהורים קורקבנן נקלף וטמאין אין קורקבנן נקלף והני קורקבנן נקלף בסכינא

What is the doubt about them? - [It is this].

והא ההיא בר אווזא דהוה בי מר שמואל דלא הוה קא מקלף קורקבניה ואותביה בשימשא וכיון דרפי איקליף

One of the characteristics of clean birds is that the gizzard can be peeled, and one of the characteristics of unclean birds is that the gizzard cannot be peeled, but in the case of these [eight] the gizzard can only be peeled with a knife.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They posses, however, the other three characteristics of cleanness.');">¹⁷</span>

התם כי רפי איקליף בידא הכא אע"ג דרפי לא מקליף אלא בסכינא

But was there not a case of a duck belonging to Mar Samuel, the gizzard of which could not be peeled, so it was left in the sun, and as soon as it became soft it peeled easily?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is thus seen that even in the case of permitted birds it is sometimes difficult to peel the gizzard.');">¹⁸</span>

אמר אביי

- In that case as soon as it became soft it peeled easily with the hand, but here even after it has been softened it can only be peeled with a knife.

תרנגולא דאגמא חד משמונה ספיקות הוא והיינו מרדו

Abaye said: The moor-cock is one of the eight cases of doubt, for it is the mardu.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A variant of marda mentioned supra.');">¹⁹</span>

אמר רב פפא

R'Papa said: The moor-cock is forbidden but the moor-hen is permitted, and in order to remember this think of the rule, 'An Ammonite [is debarred] but not an Ammonitess'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Is precluded from entering the community of Israel; cf. Deut. XXIII, 4. V. Yeb. 69a. The implication here is that the moor-cock is a forbidden t,kudbr, species, whilst the moor-hen is not. V. Tosaf. s.v. .');">²⁰</span>

תרנגולא דאגמא אסירא תרנגולתא דאגמא שריא וסימניך

Meremar stated in an exposition: The moor-hen is forbidden because it was seen to seize prey and eat it, and this is girutha.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 109b. ruca');">²¹</span>

עמוני ולא עמונית

Rab said: Shabur androfata<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The parrot, according to Lewysohn; androfata being the Gk. term **, 'talking like a man'. Shabur might be the domesticated kind ( , zrp broken in) , and piruz the wild kind (from to break through) .');">²²</span>

דרש מרימר

is permitted, piruz androfata<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The parrot, according to Lewysohn; androfata being the Gk. term **, 'talking like a man'. Shabur might be the domesticated kind ( , zrp broken in) , and piruz the wild kind (from to break through) .');">²²</span>

תרנגולתא דאגמא אסירא חזיוה דדרסה ואכלה

is forbidden; and to remember this think of 'the wicked piruz'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Possibly a reference to the Sassanide king piruz (457-484) under whom the Jews suffered terrible persecutions.');">²³</span>

והיינו גירותא

R'Huna said: Bunia<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The penguin and the sea mew respectively.');">²⁴</span>

אמר רב

is permitted, parwa<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The penguin and the sea mew respectively.');">²⁴</span>

שבור אנדרפטא שרי פירוז אנדרפטא אסור וסימניך

is forbidden, and to remember this think of 'Parwa the magician'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Yoma 35a.');">²⁵</span>

פירוז רשיעא

R'Papa said: The mardu which stands erect and eats is permitted, that which bends down and eats is forbidden, and to remember this think of the verse: Thou shalt bow down to no other god.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXXIV, 14. The kind that bends down to eat is forbidden. trnj th,a');">²⁶</span>

אמר רב הונא

Samuel said: The 'wine drinker'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' possibly the redwing thrush.');">²⁷</span>

בוניא שרי פרוא אסיר וסימניך

is forbidden, and to remember this think of the law 'Those that have drunk wine are unfit for service'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Sanh. ');">²⁸</span>

פרואה אמגושא

Samuel further said: The 'wine mixer'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. next note.');">²⁹</span>

אמר רב פפא

is forbidden,

מרדו זגיד ואכיל שרי סגיד ואכיל אסור וסימניך

(שמות לד, יד) לא תשתחוה לאל אחר

אמר שמואל

שתיא חמרא אסירא וסימניך

שתויי יין פסולין לעבודה

ואמר שמואל

מזגא חמרא אסירא