Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Chullin 126

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1

מכדי משנה תורה לאוסופי הוא דאתא מאי שנא הכא דכתיב דאה ומ"ש הכא דכתיב ראה ולא כתיב דאה

then consider this: seeing that the purport of Deuteronomy is to add to the laws, why is it that here [in Leviticus] it mentions the da'ah but there [in Deuteronomy] only the ra'ah and not the da'ah?

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2

אלא ש"מ

You must therefore hold that the ra'ah and the da'ah are one and the same.

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3

מין ראה ודאה אחת היא

But for all that there are still twenty-five?

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4

ואכתי כ"ה הוו

Abaye answered: Just as the ra'ah and the da'ah are one and the same, so, too, are the dayyah and the ayyah.<a rel="footnote" href="#1"><sup>1</sup></a>

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5

אמר אביי

For should you say that they are two distinct birds then consider this: seeing that the purport of Deuteronomy is to add to the laws, why is it that here [in Leviticus] the words 'after its kind' are appended to the ayyah but there [in Deuteronomy] these words are appended to the dayyah?

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6

כשם שראה ודאה אחת היא

You must therefore hold that the ayyah and the dayyah are one and the same.

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7

כך איה ודיה אחת היא דאי ס"ד תרתי אינון מכדי משנה תורה לאוסופי הוא דאתא מאי שנא הכא דכתיב למינה אאיה ומ"ש התם דכתיב למינה אדיה

But since the ayyah and the dayyah are one and the same why are they both stated? - For the reason given in the following Baraitha: Rabbi says: It is sufficient when I read the ayyah, why then is the dayyah mentioned?

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8

אלא ש"מ

So as not to give skeptics cause for criticism, for you might call it the ayyah and they the dayyah, or you the dayyah and they the ayyah; therefore it is written in Deuteronomy, The ra'ah, the ayyah and the dayyah after its kind.<a rel="footnote" href="#2"><sup>2</sup></a>

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9

איה ודיה אחת היא

An objection was raised.

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10

וכי מאחר שאיה ודיה אחת היא למה ליה למיכתב איה ודיה

It was taught: Why was the list repeated [in Deuteronomy]?

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11

כדתניא רבי אומר

Cattle because of the shesu'ah,<a rel="footnote" href="#3"><sup>3</sup></a>

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12

אקרא אני איה דיה למה נאמרה

and birds because of the ra'ah.<a rel="footnote" href="#3"><sup>3</sup></a>

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13

כדי שלא תתן פתחון פה לבעל דין לחלוק שלא תהא אתה קורא איה והוא קורא דיה אתה קורא דיה והוא קורא איה לכך כתב במשנה תורה

Now presumably, just as in the case of cattle a new species is added to the list, so too in the case of birds a new species is added!<a rel="footnote" href="#4"><sup>4</sup></a>

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14

(דברים יד, יג) והראה ואת האיה והדיה למינה

- No, in the former case a new species is added, but in the latter the addition is merely explanatory.<a rel="footnote" href="#5"><sup>5</sup></a>

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15

מיתיבי

This view<a rel="footnote" href="#6"><sup>6</sup></a>

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16

למה נשנו

[of R'Hisda] differs from that of R'Abbahu,<a rel="footnote" href="#7"><sup>7</sup></a>

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17

בבהמה מפני השסועה ובעופות מפני הראה

for R'Abbahu taught.

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18

מאי לאו מדבהמה דהתם לאוסופי

The ra'ah is the same as the ayyah: wherefore is it called ra'ah?

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19

עופות נמי לאוסופי לא התם לאוסופי הכא לפרושי

Because it can see [roah] very keenly, for so it is said: That path no bird prey knoweth, neither hath the eye of the ayyah seen it.<a rel="footnote" href="#8"><sup>8</sup></a>

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20

ופליגא דרבי אבהו דא"ר אבהו

And a Tanna [has also] taught: It [the ayyah] stands in Babylon and espies carrion in the land of Israel.

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21

ראה זו איה ולמה נקרא שמה ראה שרואה ביותר וכן הוא אומר

But since [according to R'Abbahu] the ra'ah and the ayyah are one and the same, it would follow then that the da'ah is not the same as the ra'ah and [this being so] why is it that here [in Leviticus] the da'ah is mentioned but there [in Deuteronomy], the purport of which is to add to the laws, the da'ah is not mentioned?

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22

(איוב כח, ז) נתיב לא ידעו עיט ולא שזפתו עין איה

You must therefore hold that the da'ah, the ra'ah and the ayyah are all one and the same.

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23

תנא

But then since the ra'ah and the ayyah are one and the same, it would follow that the dayyah is not the same as the ayyah, and [this being so] why is it that here [in Leviticus] the words 'after its kind' are appended to the ayyah whereas there [in Deuteronomy] these words are not added to the ayyah but to the dayyah?

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24

עומדת בבבל ורואה נבלה בארץ ישראל

It must therefore be said that the da'ah, the ra'ah, the ayyah and the dayyah are all one and the same.<a rel="footnote" href="#9"><sup>9</sup></a>

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25

מדראה היינו איה מכלל דדאה לאו היינו ראה

It was taught: Issi B'Judah says: In the East there are one hundred unclean birds all of the species of ayyah.

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26

מכדי משנה תורה לאוסופי הוא דאתא מאי שנא הכא דכתיב דאה ומאי שנא התם דלא כתיב דאה

Abimi the son of R'Abbahu learnt: There are seven hundred species of [unclean]<a rel="footnote" href="#10"><sup>10</sup></a>

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27

אלא לאו ש"מ

fishes, eight hundred species of [unclean] locusts, but the species of [unclean] birds are innumerable.

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28

דאה וראה ואיה אחת היא

But there are only twenty-four species of [unclean] birds! - Rather [say], The species of clean birds are innumerable.

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29

ומדראה היינו איה מכלל דדיה לאו היינו איה מאי שנא התם דכתיב למינהו אאיה ומ"ש הכא דלא כתיב למינהו אאיה אלא אדיה

It was taught: Rabbi says.

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30

אלא ש"מ

It is well known to Him who spake and the world came into being that the unclean animals are more numerous than the clean, therefore did Scripture enumerate the clean.

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31

דאה וראה דיה ואיה אחת היא

It is also well known to Him who spake and the world came into being that the clean birds are more numerous than the unclean, therefore did Scripture enumerate the unclean.

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32

תניא איסי בן יהודה אומר

What is the point of this teaching? - It sets forth the idea, also expressed by R'Huna in the name of Rab (others say: R'Huna in the name of Rab on the authority of R'Meir) , viz. , A teacher should always teach his pupil succinctly.<a rel="footnote" href="#11"><sup>11</sup></a>

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33

מאה עופות טמאין יש במזרח וכולן מין איה הן

R'Isaac said: For the eating of clean birds we rely upon tradition.<a rel="footnote" href="#12"><sup>12</sup></a>

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34

תני אבימי בריה דר' אבהו

A hunter is believed when he says.'

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35

ז' מאות מיני דגים הן וח' מאות מיני חגבים ולעופות אין מספר

My master transmitted to me that this bird is clean'.

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36

עופות כ"ד הוו

R'Johanan added.

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37

אלא

provided he was familiar with birds and their nomenclature.

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38

ולעופות טהורים אין מספר

R'Zera enquired: Does 'master' mean a master in learning or in hunting? - Come and hear, for R'Johanan added: 'provided he was familiar with birds and their nomenclature'.

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39

תניא רבי אומר

Now if it means a master in hunting it is well, but if it means a master in learning, I grant you that he would have learnt their nomenclature, but would he actually know them [so as to recognize them]?

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40

גלוי וידוע לפני מי שאמר והיה העולם שבהמה טמאה מרובה מן הטהורות לפיכך מנה הכתוב בטהורה

You must therefore say it means a master in hunting; this is proved.

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41

גלוי וידוע לפני מי שאמר והיה העולם שעופות טהורין מרובין על הטמאין לפיכך מנה הכתוב בטמאין

Our Rabbis taught: One may buy eggs from gentiles in any place and need have no fear lest they are of birds that were nebelah or trefah.

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42

מאי קמ"ל

But perhaps they are of unclean birds? - Samuel's father answered.

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43

כדרב הונא אמר רב ואמרי לה אמר רב הונא אמר רב משום ר' מאיר

[We must suppose the case to be that] he says, 'It is of such and such a bird', which is clean.<a rel="footnote" href="#13"><sup>13</sup></a>

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44

לעולם ישנה אדם לתלמידו דרך קצרה

Why is it not sufficient [for the gentile] to say, 'It is of a clean bird? ' - In that case he might be evasive.<a rel="footnote" href="#14"><sup>14</sup></a>

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45

א"ר יצחק

And why not test [the egg] by the characteristics [stated by the Rabbis]?

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46

עוף טהור נאכל במסורת

For it has been taught: 'Characteristics which distinguish the eggs [of clean birds] are the same as those which distinguish [clean] fish'.

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47

נאמן הצייד לומר

Both the and the are mentioned in Deut. XIV, 13, but in Lev. only the former is mentioned.

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48

עוף זה טהור מסר לי רבי

Deut. XIV, 13. The Torah thus stated all the appellations whereby the bird is known.

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49

א"ר יוחנן

Which is not mentioned in Lev. For shesu'ah, v. supra 60b.

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50

והוא שבקי בהן ובשמותיהן

So that the ra'ah is a bird quite distinct from the da'ah.

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51

בעי ר' זירא

The Torah merely indicates the various names by which this bird is designated.

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52

רבו חכם או רבו צייד

That there are only twenty-four unclean birds.

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53

ת"ש דא"ר יוחנן

For since he (R. Abbahu) says that the ra'ah is identical with the ayyah, and in the conclusion he holds that all four - ayyah, dayyah, ra'ah and da'ah - are different names of one and the same bird, it is evident that according to him there are not twenty-four birds enumerated in the Torah. The argument in the Gemara at the outset presupposes the acceptance by R. Abbahu of R. Hisda's view, but the conclusion shows that he cannot agree with it.

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54

והוא שבקי בהן ובשמותיהן

Job XXVIII, 7.

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55

אי אמרת בשלמא רבו צייד שפיר

And R. Abbahu consequently does not accept the statement reported by R. Hisda. ,upug

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56

אלא אי אמרת רבו חכם בשלמא שמייהו גמיר להו אלא אינהו מי ידע להו

In the MS.M. 'unclean' is actually in the text. Cf. Tosaf. s.v. V. Bah's note on Rashi a.l.

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57

אלא לאו ש"מ

Lit., 'in a short way'.

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58

רבו צייד ש"מ

We may rely upon a tradition, handed down from generation to generation through reliable channels, that any particular bird is clean. ruvyu

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59

ת"ר

Read i.e., the gentile names a bird which is known to be clean; v. D.S. a.l. and infra 64a.

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60

לוקחין ביצים מן העובדי כוכבים בכל מקום ואין חוששין לא משום נבלות ולא משום טרפות

For when questioned about it the gentile could always evade the issue by naming other clean birds unfamiliar to the Jew.

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61

ודילמא דעוף טמא נינהו

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62

אמר אבוה דשמואל באומר

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63

של עוף פלוני טהור

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64

ולימא

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65

של עוף טהור

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66

אי הכי אית ליה לאישתמוטי

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67

ולבדוק בסימנין

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68

דתניא

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69

כסימני ביצים כך סמני דגים

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70

סימני דגים ס"ד

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71

סנפיר וקשקשת אמר רחמנא

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72

אלא אימא

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73

כך סימני

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