Chullin 17
מעילאי נמי קרמא איכא
is there not a membrane above [the fat]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For all fat is enclosed in a membrane so that there can be no harm when placing the fat of the loins on top of other meat.');"><sup>1</sup></span>
תלמיד חכם צריך שילמוד ג' דברים
R'Hanania B'Shelemia said in the name of Rab, He must also learn the art of forming the knot of the Tefillin,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. When properly tied the knot in the Tefillin worn on the head forms the shape of the Hebrew letter Daleth and that of the letter Yod in the Tefillin worn on the hand.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
אף קשר של תפילין וברכת חתנים וציצית ואידך
And the other [Rab Judah]? - [He says], These are frequent.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the latter three acquirements. These being matters of common knowledge, it is not the special duty of a scholar to learn them. According to another explanation. 'these' refers to the accomplishments enumerated by Rab Judah. A scholar should particularly acquire these arts because he will be frequently called upon to practise them.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
כל טבח שאינו יודע הלכות שחיטה אסור לאכול משחיטתו ואלו הן הלכות שחיטה
[the rules as to] pausing,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. There should be no pause or interruption while the slaughtering is being performed. The knife should be kept in continuous motion, forward and backward, until the organs or the greater part of them are cut through. V. infra 32a. vxrs');"><sup>7</sup></span>
מאי קמ"ל
thrusting,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. During the act of slaughtering the whole of the knife must be visible. If e.g., one thrust the knife into the side of the throat and thus cut the organs, the slaughtering would be invalid, since the knife would have been covered either by the organs or the skin of the throat. V. infra 32a. vnrdv');"><sup>9</sup></span>
כולהו תנינהו
deflecting,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. The slaughtering must be performed within a certain prescribed region in the throat of the animal. If the knife cut anywhere outside this region the slaughtering would be invalid. V. infra 18a. ruehg');"><sup>10</sup></span>
לא צריכא ששחט לפנינו ב' וג' פעמים ושחט שפיר
and tearing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. Various interpretations have been suggested as to the meaning of this term. According to Rashi it means: tearing out the windpipe after having cut through the gullet; V. infra 32a. According to Halakoth Gedoloth it means: cutting through the organs after the uvkuf windpipe has been dislocated or torn out of its position; v, infra 85a. According to Tosaf. s.v. it means: slaughtering with a notched knife, which tears and does not cut the organs. V. article by Dr. S. Daiches in Hazafeh vol. 12, pp. 255-8 where it is shown that the Halakoth Gedoloth in fact agrees with Rashi.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
הטבח צריך שיבדוק בסימנים לאחר שחיטה
Again Rab Judah said in the name of Samuel: The butcher must examine the organs of the throat after slaughtering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To satisfy himself that they have been properly and sufficiently cut through.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
לא הכי א"ר יוחנן
If this is the meaning, then the rule would vary according to circumstances?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It would depend upon whether the Sage was close by or far away; in the latter case the time for examination must, of necessity, be longer than in the former case.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
א"כ נתת דבריך לשיעורים
If one did not examine [the organs of the throat after slaughtering], what is the law? - R'Eliezer B'Antigonus ruled in the name of R'Eliezer son of R'Jannai: The animal is trefah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
טרפה ואסורה באכילה
On what principle do they differ? - On the principle laid down by R'Huna, who said: An animal while alive is presumed to be forbidden<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is not permitted to eat a limb or flesh cut off from a living animal. This being so, the animal retains its status of being forbidden food until we have definite proof that it has been properly slaughtered. Once, however, we know that an animal has been ritually slaughtered the presumption that it is permitted food will not be rebutted without proof that some internal defect has made it trefah.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
במאי קמיפלגי
reasons thus: It is presumed to be forbidden, and now that it is dead [it is nebelah and therefore defiles].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Following the general rule that any dead animal which has not been ritually slaughtered is nebelah and therefore defiles.');"><sup>18</sup></span>
מר סבר
only in respect of the prohibition [to be eaten], but there is no presumption in respect of defilement.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Eliezer's argument is: The animal is now forbidden only because of the presumption which arose during its lifetime. Now, during its lifetime the animal was forbidden only to be eaten; it certainly could not defile. The effect, therefore, of the presumption can only be to render the animal forbidden to be eaten and not that it should defile.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
בחזקת איסור קיימא והשתא מתה היא ומר סבר
The text [above stated]: R'Huna said: An animal while alive is presumed to be forbidden [and, therefore, remains forbidden when dead] until it becomes known to you that it was ritually slaughtered; once ritually slaughtered, it is presumed to be permitted until it becomes known to you how it became trefah'.
גופא אמר רב הונא
- He teaches you this: That even if something happened to the animal to impair its status<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., if some defect or disorder is now found in the animal, and there is a doubt whether it was there before the slaughtering or not, the animal is permitted because of the principle stated by R. Huna.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
נטל
or not? - R'Huna replied: We do not apprehend that it inserted [its teeth] in a perforation.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because of the presumption that, once ritually slaughtered, the animal is permitted until it becomes known how it became trefah.');"><sup>26</sup></span>