Chullin 186

מדלא קא בריין הני אבר מן החי נינהו

since they will never recover, they are to be considered as a limb torn loose from the living animal.

מאן דשרי

And he who permits them [argues thus]: since they do not rot there is obviously vitality in them.

מדלא קא מסרחן הני חיותא אית בהו

And the former? - He maintains that they do not rot only because the outside air does not penetrate into them.

ואידך האי דלא קא מסרחן דלא קא שליט בהו אוירא

And the latter? - He maintains that they do not recover only because emaciation has set in.

ואידך האי דלא בריין כחישותא הוא דנקט להו

R'Johanan said to R'Shaman B'Abba: Crushed testicles are permitted, but you must not eat them for it is written: Forsake not the teaching of thy mother.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. I, 8. R. Shaman came from Babylon where the rule was not to eat them because of the difference of opinion between R. Ammi and R. Assi.');">¹</span>

א"ל רבי יוחנן לרב שמן בר אבא

Mar son of R'Ashi said: The testicles of a kid<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or any other young animal.');">²</span>

הני ביעי חשילתא שריין ואת לא תיכול משום (משלי א, ח) ואל תטוש תורת אמך

that is not yet thirty days old, are permitted without having to peel off the membrane; thereafter, if they contain semen they are forbidden,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the membrane has not been removed because of the blood it contains.');">³</span>

אמר מר בר רב אשי

if they do not contain semen they are permitted.

הני ביעי דגדיא עד תלתין יומין שריין בלא קליפה

How does one know this? - If there are red streaks [in the membrane], they are forbidden;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 522, n. 7.');">⁴</span>

מכאן ואילך אי אזרען אסורין ואי לא אזרען שריין

I if there are no red streaks, they are permitted.

מנא ידעינן

As to [dark red] meat, testicles, and the arteries [of the neck], there is a dispute between R'Aha and Rabina.

אי אית בהו שורייקי סומקי אסירן לית בהו שורייקי סומקי שריין

As to dark red meat<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Caused by a blow which the animal received while alive and the blood was congested in this spot; v. Marginal note. [Aliter: meat pickled in vinegar.]');">⁵</span>

אומצי ביעי ומזרקי פליגי בה רב אחא ורבינא

if it was cut up and salted, it is even permitted [to be cooked] in a pot; if it was thrust on a spit [an held over the fire], the blood would easily flow out; if it was placed on the coals, in this there is a dispute between R'Aha and Rabina: one says that they [the coals] would draw out the blood, and the other says that they would cause [the meat] to contract.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the blood would not flow out and it is therefore forbidden.');">⁶</span>

בכל התורה כולה רבינא לקולא ורב אחא לחומרא והלכתא כרבינא לקולא לבר מהני תלת דרב אחא לקולא ורבינא לחומרא והלכתא כרב אחא לקולא

The same rules apply to the testicles, and also to the arteries [of t neck].

אומצא דאסמיק חתכה ומלחה אפילו לקדרה נמי שפיר דמי

If a head was put on hot ashes<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order to remove the hair the more easily.');">⁷</span>

תלייה נמי בשפודא דאיב דמא

and it was made to stand up upon the open cut of the neck, the blood would then flow out and it is permitted; if it was placed upon its side, the blood would become clotted and it is forbidden; if it was made to stand up upon its nostrils and something was thrust into them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To keep clear the passage in the nostrils so as to allow the blood to run out freely.');">⁸</span>

אגומרי פליגי בה רב אחא ורבינא חד אמר

it is permitted; otherwise it is forbidden.

משאב שאיבי ליה וחד אמר

Some there are who say, [If it was made to stand up] upon its nostrils or upon the cut of the neck, the blood would flow out; if it was placed upon its side and it was pierced with something it is permitted, otherwise it is forbidden.

מצמת צמתי ליה

[To revert to] the above text:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Inserted by Bah. V. Supra 91a.');">⁹</span>

וכן ביעי וכן מזרקי

Rab Judah said in the name of Samuel, 'It<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the sciatic nerve.');">¹⁰</span>

רישא בכיבשא אותביה אבית השחיטה דייב דמא ושרי אצדדין מיקפא קפי ואסור

consists of two nerves, the inner,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The great sciatic nerve is derived from the lumbosacral plexus and as it emerges from the pelvis it descends first behind the hip joint and then behind the femur in the thigh. It gives off branches to the muscles behind the femur, but its longest branch is the common peroneal. The 'inner' is probably the great sciatic nerve, and the 'outer' the common peroneal.');">¹¹</span>

אותביה אנחיריה דץ ביה מידי שרי ואי לא אסיר

next to the bone, is forbidden, and one is liable on account of it, the outer,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The great sciatic nerve is derived from the lumbosacral plexus and as it emerges from the pelvis it descends first behind the hip joint and then behind the femur in the thigh. It gives off branches to the muscles behind the femur, but its longest branch is the common peroneal. The 'inner' is probably the great sciatic nerve, and the 'outer' the common peroneal.');">¹¹</span>

איכא דאמרי

next to the flesh, is forbidden, but one is not liable on account of it'.

אנחיריה ואבית השחיטה דאיב

But it was taught that the inner is nearer the flesh! - R'A explained in the name of R'Kahana, [That is so further on] where it is embedded in the flesh.

אצדדין אי דץ ביה מידי שרי ואי לא אסיר

But it was taught that the outer is nearer the bone! - Rab Judah answered: That is so only [at the part] where the butchers cut it open.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When they are about to 'porge' the meat. There the outer nerve is near to the bone.');">¹²</span>

אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל

It was stated: If a butcher was found to have overlooked forbidden fat, even only as much as a barley grain, says Rab Judah, [he is punishable].

שני גידין הן הפנימי סמוך לעצם אסור וחייבין עליו

R'Johanan says, [Only if he overlooked] as much as an olive's bulk.

חיצון סמוך לבשר אסור ואין חייבין עליו

R'Papa said: They do not disagree, for here it is a question of punishing him with stripes,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In that case he must have overlooked at least an olive's bulk of fat. In addition to stripes he is barred from trading as a butcher (R. Nissim) . 'Stripes' here is not that ordained by the Torah but corporal punishment inflicted for disobeying a Rabbinic law, i.e., Makkath Marduth, stripes for rebellion. (cf. Yoreh Deah, LXIV, 21) .');">¹³</span>

והתניא

and there of removing him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From trading as a butcher. This is so even though he only overlooked as much as a barley grain of fat.');">¹⁴</span>

פנימי סמוך לבשר

Mar Zutra said, [If there was found] as much as a barley grain in one place or as much as an olive's bulk scattered in two or three places [he is punishable].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is not clear what is to be his punishment, removal from his trade or stripes. V. however Rashal. a.l. ,usunj hrcs');">¹⁵</span>

אמר רב אחא אמר רב כהנא

The law is: in order to punish him with stripes [he must have overlooked] as much as an olive's bulk, and in order to remove him even if [he overlooked] only as much as a barley grain.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [He is however reinstated on undertaking never to repeat the offence. V. on Asheri a.l.]');">¹⁶</span>

איקלודי מיקליד

BUTCHERS ARE NOT TRUSTWORTHY etc. R'Hiyya B'Abba said in the name of R'Johanan.

והא תניא

Later they held that they were to be trusted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With regard to the sciatic nerve (Tosaf.) .');">¹⁷</span>

חיצון הסמוך לעצם

R'Nahman exclaimed: Have the generations become more virtuous? - At first they [the Sages] held the view of R'Meir<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the sciatic nerve must be removed with all its roots; and as this entailed much trouble the butchers were not be trusted for it.');">¹⁸</span>

אמר רב יהודה

and so they were not to be trusted, but later they held the view of R'Judah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That only the upper surface of the nerve must be removed; for this all butchers were trustworthy.');">¹⁹</span>

היכא דפרעי טבחי

Others report this with reference to the last clause, THE SAGES SAY, THEY ARE TRUSTWORTHY WITH REGARD TO IT AS WELL AS WITH REGARD TO THE [FORBIDDEN] FAT.

איתמר טבח שנמצא חלב אחריו

R'Hiyya B'Abba said in the name of R'Johanan: Later they held that they were not to be trusted.

רב יהודה אמר

R'Nahman said: Today they are to be trusted.

בכשעורה רבי יוחנן אמר

Have the generations then become more virtuous? - At first they [the Sages] held the view of R'Judah, and later they held the view of R'Meir; and as long as people still remembered the view of R'Judah, they were not to be trusted, but now that R'Judah's view has been forgotten they are to be trusted.

בכזית

AS WELL AS WITH REGARD TO THE [FORBIDDEN] FAT.

אמר רב פפא

But who has mentioned the forbidden fat at all? - This is what he [R'Meir] said: They are not trustworthy with regard to it nor with regard to the forbidden fat.

ולא פליגי כאן להלקותו כאן לעברו אמר מר זוטרא

But the Sages say: They are trustworthy with regard to it as well as with regard to the forbidden fat.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This paragraph is not found in MS.M.');">²⁰</span>

כשעורה במקום אחד כזית אפילו בב' ובג' מקומות

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>ONE MAY SEND TO A GENTILE A THIGH IN WHICH THERE IS YET THE SCIATIC NERVE, BECAUSE ITS PLACE IS KNOWN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' We need not apprehend lest another Jew, seeing the gentile receiving the thigh from this Jew, will assume that the nerve had been removed and will buy it from the gentile, because it can easily be seen whether the nerve has been removed or not.');">²¹</span>

והלכתא

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Only a whole thigh one may [send] but not if it was cut up.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a portion of the thigh. This is the inference from our Mishnah which states A THIGH, implying a whole thigh.');">²²</span>

להלקותו בכזית לעברו בכשעורה:

But what are the circumstances?

אין הטבחין נאמנין [וכו']:

If we are speaking of a place where they do not proclaim it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. that an animal was found to be trefah. This is the custom where all the butchers are Jews. Where the practice of announcing it is not in vogue, there Jews are not allowed to buy meat from gentiles under any circumstances, for the Jewish butchers may have disposed of the trefah animal to a gentile and did not trouble to make this fact known.');">²³</span>

א"ר חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן

חזרו לומר נאמנין

אמר רב נחמן

אכשור דרי

מעיקרא דהוו סברי לה כרבי מאיר לא הוו מהימני ולבסוף סברי כרבי יהודה

איכא דמתני לה אסיפא

וחכמים אומרים

נאמנין עליו ועל החלב אמר ר' חייא בר אבא אמר רבי יוחנן

חזרו לומר אין נאמנין

אמר רב נחמן

בזמן הזה נאמנין

אכשור דרי

מעיקרא סברוה כרבי יהודה הדר סברוה כרבי מאיר כמה דהוו דכירי לה לדרבי יהודה לא מהימני והשתא דאנשיוה לדרבי יהודה מהימני:

ועל החלב:

חלב מאן דכר שמיה

הכי קאמר

אין נאמנין עליו ועל החלב וחכמים אומרים נאמנין עליו ועל החלב:

<big><strong>מתני'</strong></big> שולח אדם ירך לעובד כוכבים שגיד הנשה בתוכה מפני שמקומו ניכר:

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> שלמה אין חתוכה לא

במאי עסקינן

אילימא במקום שאין מכריזין