Chullin 187

חתוכה נמי לישדר ליה דהא לא אתו למזבן מיניה

then one should be allowed to send it even though it was cut up, for no [Jew] would buy it from him.

אלא במקום שמכריזין שלימה נמי לא לישדר ליה דחתיך ליה ומזבין ליה

And if we are speaking of a place where they do proclaim it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that on any day when no proclamation about trefah has been made Jews may buy meat without hesitation from gentiles.');">¹</span>

אי בעית אימא במקום שמכריזין ואי בעית אימא במקום שאין מכריזין

then one should not be allowed to send even an entire thigh,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unless the nerve had been removed beforehand, for the gentile might cut it up in portions and sell it to Jews, and when cut up it is no longer easy to ascertain whether the nerve has been removed or not.');">²</span>

איבעית אימא במקום שמכריזין

for he [the gentile] will cut it up and sell it! - If you wish I can say that it is a place where do proclaim it, and if you wish I can say that it is a place where they do not proclaim it.

חיתוכא דעובד כוכבים מידע ידיע

If you wish, I can s that it is a place where they do proclaim it , [and yet there is nothing to fear] because the cutting up [of the thigh] by a gentile is recognizable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A whole thigh, therefore, may be sent but not a portion of one.');">³</span>

ואיבעית אימא במקום שאין מכריזין

'And if you wish, I can say that it is a place where they do not proclaim it', [and yet it is forbidden to send a portion] lest he should give it to the gentile in the presence of anothe Israelite.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Although in this place it is not the practice for Jews to buy meat from gentiles, in this particular case where the Jew sees the gentile receiving the meat, even if only a portion, from his fellow Jew, he might buy it and assume that the nerve had been removed.');">⁴</span>

גזירה שמא יתננה לו בפני ישראל אחר

Alternatively, I can say, [it is forbidden] because he thereby deceives him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'steals his mind', i.e., creates a false impression upon him. The gentile would be delighted in the thought that his Jewish friend is sending him meat fit for his own table, and would be the more grateful to him, whereas in reality the meat sent was not fit for his own table as the nerve had not been removed therefrom, and so the gratitude of the gentile will have been falsely earned. tepbt dcbt');">⁵</span>

ואי בעית אימא

and Samuel holds that it is forbidden to deceive people even gentiles.

משום דקא גניב ליה לדעתיה

This view of Samuel was not expressly stated but was inferred from the following incident.

דאמר שמואל

Samuel was once crossing on a ferryboat and he said to his attendant, 'Reward the ferryman'.

אסור לגנוב דעת הבריות ואפילו דעתו של עובד כוכבים

He rewarded him, but [Samuel] became angry.

והא דשמואל לאו בפירוש איתמר

Why was he angry? - Abaye said: Because he [the attendant] had a trefah hen and he gave it to the ferryman representing it as one that was ritually slaughtered.

אלא מכללא איתמר דשמואל הוה קא עבר במברא

Raba said: Because he [Samuel] told him to give him [the gentile] anpaka<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' , a form of the word (v. Jast. s.v.) , strictly, a small cup the capacity of one fourth of a log, cf. B.B. 58b. A popular term also for strong, unmixed wine.');">⁶</span>

א"ל לשמעיה

to drink, and he gave him mixed wine to drink.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the gentile thought it was unmixed wine.');">⁷</span>

פייסיה למבוריה פייסיה ואיקפד

And what if it was only inferred? - Because according to him who says that he gave him a trefah hen, it can be said [that Samuel was angry with his attendant] for keeping with him [a forbidden thing].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And not because he deceived the gentile.');">⁸</span>

מ"ט איקפד

And according to him who says that he told him to give him anpaka, it can be said [that Samuel was angry] because anpaka really means unmixed wine.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And by giving mixed wine he disregarded the orders of Samuel. Hence his anger.');">⁹</span>

אמר אביי

It was taught: R'Meir used to say: A man should not urge his friend to dine with him when he knows that his friend will not do so.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He is merely gaining the gratitude of his friend through something which he had no intention of doing. This is the reason in all the cases mentioned.');">¹⁰</span>

תרנגולת טרפה הואי ויהבה ניהליה במר דשחוטה

And he should not offer him many gifts when he knows that his friend will not accept them.

רבא אמר

And he should not open [for a guest] casks of wine which are to be sold by the shopkeeper,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It was not unusual for a private person when about to open a barrel of wine for his table to make arrangements with a shopkeeper to dispose of that which is left after the meal; a necessary arrangement, for once the barrel has been opened the wine will in a very short time turn sour. To open up a barrel of wine for a guest without informing him of the arrangement with the shopkeeper is taking credit for something one has not merited.');">¹¹</span>

אנפקא אמר ליה לאשקויי ואשקייה חמרא מזיגא

unless he informs [the guest] of it.

וכי מכללא מאי

And he should not invite him to anoint himself with oil<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Knowing full well that his friend will not do so.');">¹²</span>

למ"ד טרפה הואי א"ל

if the jar is empty.

אמאי תשהא איסורא

If, however, the purpose is to show the guest great respect, it is permitted.

למ"ד אנפקא א"ל לאשקויי אנפקא חייא משמע

But surely this cannot be right.

תניא היה ר' מאיר אומר

For Ulla once came to Rab Judah's house and the latter opened up for him casks that were later to be sold by the shopkeeper! - He must have informed him of this fact.

אל יסרהב אדם לחבירו לסעוד אצלו ויודע בו שאינו סועד

Or if you wish, I can say that the case of Ulla is different, for he was so dear to Rab Judah that he would have opened for him even those that were not [to be sold by the shopkeeper].

ולא ירבה לו בתקרובת ויודע בו שאינו מקבל

Our Rabbis taught: A man should not go to the house of a mourner<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It was the custom to drink wine at the house of a mourner, and over each cup of wine certain Benedictions and appropriate words of consolation to the mourners were recited; v. Keth. 8b. The visitors would come bringing with them bottles of wine; and one must not deceive people by coming with a bottle filled with water or only half-filled with wine.');">¹³</span>

ולא יפתח לו חביות המכורות לחנוני אא"כ הודיעו

with a bottle in which the wine shakes about;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it contains only a little wine and therefore shakes about in the bottle. rhg rcj');">¹⁴</span>

ולא יאמר לו סוך שמן מפך ריקן ואם בשביל כבודו מותר

neither should he fill it with water because he thereby deceives him.

איני והא עולא איקלע לבי רב יהודה פתח לו חביות המכורות לחנוני

If, however, there is a large assembly<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'an assembly of the city'. If this man also wishes to show his respect to the mourners among the large gathering of people rcj and he cannot afford to bring wine he may adopt this deception, for the motive justifies the means. [Aliter: a town scholar, vocalizing ; i.e., i there is a scholar among the visitors and the man wishes to show his respect to the scholar present, cf. Meg. (Sonc. ed.) p. 164, n. 1.]');">¹⁵</span>

אודועי אודעיה

present, it is permitted.

ואיבעית אימא

Our Rabbis taught: A man should not sell to his neighbour shoes made of the hide of an animal which died, [representing them] as made of the hide of a living animal which was slaughtered, for two reasons: first, because he is deceiving him, and secondly, because of the danger.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the animal may have died through the bit of a serpent and the hide of the animal may thereby have become contaminated.');">¹⁶</span>

שאני עולא דחביב ליה לרב יהודה דבלאו הכי נמי פתוחי מפתח ליה

A man should not send to his neighbour a barrel of wine with oil floating at the mouth of it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Leading him to believe that the whole barrel contains oil.');">¹⁷</span>

ת"ר

It once happened that a man sent his friend a barrel of wine, and there was oil floating at the mouth of the barrel.

לא ילך אדם לבית האבל ובידו לגין המתקשקש

He went and invited some guests to partake of it.

ולא ימלאנו מים מפני שמתעהו

When they came and he found that it was only wine he went and hanged himself.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because of shame, for he had nothing else prepared to set before his guests.');">¹⁸</span>

ואם יש שם חבר עיר מותר

The guests may not give from what is set before them to the son or daughter of the host, unless they have the host's permission to, do so.

ת"ר

It once happened that a man in a time of scarcity invited three guests to his house and he only had three eggs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Bah. Cur. edd. as (the size of) three eggs.');">¹⁹</span>

לא ימכור אדם לחבירו סנדל של מתה בכלל של חיה שחוטה מפני ב' דברים

to set before them.

א' מפני שמתעהו וא' מפני הסכנה

When the child of the host entered, one of the guests took his portion and gave it to him, the second guest did likewise, and so did the third.

ולא ישגר אדם לחבירו חבית של יין ושמן צף על פיה

When the father of the child came and saw him stuffing one [egg] in his mouth and holding two in his hands, he [in rage] knocked him to the ground so that he died.

ומעשה באחד ששיגר לחבירו חבית של יין ושמן צף על פיה

When the child's mother saw this she went up to the roof and threw herself down and died.

והלך וזימן עליה אורחין ונכנסו

He too went up to the roof and threw himself down and died.

מצאה שהיא של יין וחנק את עצמו

R'Eliezer B'Jacob said: Because of this three souls in Israel perished.

ואין האורחין רשאין ליתן ממה שלפניהם לבנו ולבתו של בעה"ב אא"כ נטלו רשות מבעה"ב

What does he [R'Eliezer B'Jacob] tell us? - It means that the whole story was related by R'Eliezer B'Jacob.

ומעשה באחד שזמן ג' אורחין בשני בצורת ולא היה לו להניח לפניהם אלא כשלש ביצים

Our Rabbis taught: If a man sends to his friend a whole thigh he need not remove beforehand the sciatic nerve; if [he sends it] cut up he must remove beforehand the sciatic nerve.

בא בנו של בעה"ב נטל אחד מהן חלקו ונתנו לו וכן שני וכן שלישי

To a gentile, however, whether he sends it cut up or whole, he need not remove beforehand the sciatic nerve.

בא אביו של תינוק מצאו שעוזק א' בפיו ושתים בידו חבטו בקרקע ומת

And for two reasons they said, a man should not sell to a gentile animals that have become nebelah or trefah:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without informing him of this fact.');">²⁰</span>

כיון שראתה אמו עלתה לגג ונפלה ומתה אף הוא עלה לגג ונפל ומת

first because he is deceiving him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For a gentile when buying meat of a Jew believes that he is buying the meat of an animal that has been ritually slaughtered, and it is forbidden to take advantage of his ignorance and to pass on to him trefah meat.');">²¹</span>

א"ר אליעזר בן יעקב

and secondly because he in turn might sell it to another Israelite.

על דבר זה נהרגו ג' נפשות מישראל

A man should not say to a gentile.'

מאי קמ"ל דכולה ר"א בן יעקב היא

Buy for me meat with this denar', for two reasons:

ת"ר

השולח ירך לחבירו

שלימה אינו צריך שיטול הימנה גיד הנשה

חתוכה צריך ליטול הימנה גיד הנשה

ובעובד כוכבים בין חתוכה ובין שלימה א"צ ליטול הימנה גיד הנשה

ומפני ב' דברים אמרו אין מוכרין נבילות וטרפות לעובד כוכבים

אחד מפני שמתעהו ואחד שמא יחזור וימכרנה לישראל אחר

ולא יאמר אדם לעובד כוכבים

קח לי בדינר זה בשר מפני ב' דברים