Eruvin 119

ולא עירבו אם יש לפניהם דקה ארבעה אינה אוסרת ואם לאו אוסרת

to prepare an 'erub<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jointly for the balcony and the courtyard, but each was provided with a separate 'erub.');">¹</span> the latter does not restrict freedom of movement in the former if a barrier, four handbreadths in height, intervened between them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'before them', sc. at the foot of the ladder. The door forms a partition between the two courtyards so that the residents of the one can in no way affect those of the other.');">²</span> otherwise it does impose a restriction?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As if the ladder were a proper door communicating between the balcony above and the courtyards below. From this it follows that, according to R. Nahman, a ladder has the status of a door where such status leads to a restriction of the law; how then could it be said supra that he held a ladder to have the status of a wall where the law is thereby relaxed?');">³</span>

הכא במאי עסקינן בדלא גבוה מרפסת עשרה

- Here we are dealing with a case where the balcony was less than ten handbreadths high.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is in such a case only that a ladder cannot be regarded as a wall whereby the law might be relaxed.');">⁴</span> But if the balcony was less than ten handbreadths high<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And consequently fully open to the courtyard.');">⁵</span> what is the use of making a barrier?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Balcony and courtyard, being so close to each other, would be like two courtyards between which no wall intervened which cannot be separated from each other in their 'erub arrangements.');">⁶</span>

ואי לא גבוה מרפסת עשרה כי קא עביד דקה מאי הוי במגופפת עד עשר אמות דכיון דעביד דקה איסתלוקי איסתלוק ליה מהכא

- This is a case where it was enclosed [all along its length] up to ten cubits,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., leaving only a gap not exceeding ten cubits as a doorway.');">⁷</span> so that if it was provided with a barrier they may be deemed to be entirely removed from there.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the residents of the balcony and courtyard respectively may be deemed as having withdrawn themselves from the use of each other's domain. In the absence of such a barrier, however, the balcony, owing to its close proximity to the courtyard below, and its two cubits doorway, must inevitably be regarded as forming one domain with that courtyard even though the law must be restricted as a consequence.');">⁸</span> Rab Judah citing Samuel ruled: If a wall<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between two courtyards.');">⁹</span>

אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל כותל שרצפה בסולמות אפילו ביתר מעשר תורת מחיצה עליו

was lined with ladders,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. a number of ladders were placed against the wall, one next to the other.');">¹⁰</span> even though they extended to a greater length than ten cubits, it nevertheless retains the status of a wall.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ladders, though they afford access from one courtyard into the other, are not necessarily regarded as a breach of more than ten cubits that causes the two courtyards to be regarded as one requiring a joint 'erub, but can also be treated, if it is so desired, as a wall separating the two domains necessitating an 'erub for each domain (Rashi) .');">¹¹</span> R'Berona pointed out to Rab Judah the following incongruity at the schoolhouse<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Aliter: press-room.');">¹²</span>

רמי ליה רב ברונא לרב יהודה במעצרתא דבי רב חנינא מי אמר שמואל תורת מחיצה עליו והאמר רב נחמן אמר שמואל אנשי מרפסת ואנשי חצר ששכחו ולא עירבו אם יש לפניה דקה ארבעה אינה אוסרת ואם לאו אוסרת

of R'Hanina:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. 'Sata' (MS.M.) 'bar Senina' (Bomb. ed.) .');">¹³</span> Could Samuel have ruled that 'it nevertheless retains the status of a wall',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc, that the law is not restricted to deprive a wall of its status on account of a ladder that was placed against it.');">¹⁴</span> seeing that R'Nahman citing Samuel ruled: If the residents of a balcony and those of a courtyard<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Situated in close proximity below the former.');">¹⁵</span>

הכא במאי עסקינן דלא גבוה מרפסת עשרה ואי לא גבוה מרפסת עשרה כי עביד דקה מאי הוי במגופפת עד עשר אמות דכיון דעביד דקה איסתלוקי איסתלק מהכא

forgot to prepare a joint 'erub they do not impose any restrictions upon one another if there was a barrier of four handbreadths between them, otherwise they do impose restrictions upon one another?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the height of the balcony was not stated the ruling presumably applies also to one that was ten handbreadths high and that had the status of a wall; which shows that a ladder (the usual means of communication between balcony and courtyard) does deprive a wall of its status and imparts to it the character of one that has a door in it.');">¹⁶</span> - Here we are dealing with a case where the balcony was less than ten handbreadths high.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that even in the absence of thee ladder it could not be regarded as a valid wall.');">¹⁷</span> But if the balcony is 'less than ten handbreadths high' what is the use of making a barrier?

הנהו בני קקונאי דאתי לקמיה דרב יוסף אמרו ליה הב לן גברא דליערב לן מאתין א"ל לאביי זיל ערב להו וחזי דלא מצווח' עלה בבי מדרשא אזל חזא להנהו בתי דפתיחי לנהרא אמר הני להוי שיור למתא

This is a case where it was enclosed [all along its length] up to ten cubits, so that if a barrier is provided they may be deemed to be completely removed from that place.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 418, nn. 1-2.');">¹⁸</span> Some of the men of Kekunai<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or 'Korkunia'; identified with Kirkesium or Circesium on the Euphrates.');">¹⁹</span> once came to R'Joseph and said to him, 'Send with us a man who might prepare an 'erub for our town'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which belonged originally to one man and was now the possession of many.');">²⁰</span>

הדר אמר אין מערבין את כולה תנן [מכלל] דאי בעי לעירובי מצי מערבי אלא איעביד להו כווי דאי בעו לעירובי דרך חלונות מצו מערבי

'Go', he said to Abaye, 'and prepare the 'erub for them but see that there is no outcry against it at the schoolhouse'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On account of the requirement for a certain section to be excluded from the provisions of the general 'erub of the town (cf. our Mishnah) .');">²¹</span> Proceeding thither he observed that certain houses opened on to the river.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That flowed behind the town, the houses having possessed no other doors opening towards the town.');">²²</span> 'These',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which, owing to the position of the doors, could not in any case be included in the general 'erub of the town.');">²³</span>

הדר אמר לא בעי דהא רבה בר אבוה מערב לה לכולה מחוזא ערסייתא ערסייתא משום פירא דבי תורי דכל חד וחד הוי שיור לחבריה ואע"ג דאי בעו לערובי בהדי הדדי לא מצו מערבי

he said: 'might serve as the excluded section<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'remainder'.');">²⁴</span> of the town'. Changing his mind he said: 'We learned: NO SINGLE 'ERUB MAY BE PROVIDED FOR ALL THE TOWN, from which it follows that if it were desired,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To include those that were once excluded, and to exclude instead other houses.');">²⁵</span>

הדר אמר לא דמי התם אי בעי לערובי דרך גגות והני לא מערבי הילכך נעבדן כווי

they could all join in one 'erub'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the houses by the river, however, could not in any case be included (cf. supra n. 6) in the town's 'erub they could not obviously be set aside as the statutory section to be excluded.');">²⁶</span> I would, however, provide for then, windows,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That will face the town, and the size of each of which would be four handbreadths by four.');">²⁷</span> so that if desired they could be joined in the general 'erub" of the town through those windows'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And consequently night well serve also as the statutory section to be excluded.');">²⁸</span>

הדר אמר כווי נמי לא בעי דההוא בי תיבנא דהו"ל למר בר פופידתא מפומבדיתא ושויה שיור לפומבדיתא

Then he said: 'This<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The provision of windows.');">²⁹</span> is not necessary, since Rabbah B'Abbuha in fact provided separate erubs for each row of alleys throughout all Mahuza on account of the cattle ditches that intervened between the rows,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra, 26a q.v. diagram and notes.');">³⁰</span> where<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since many alleys in each row were allowed to join in one erub despite the fact that the town that belonged to one man belonged once to many.');">³¹</span>

אמר היינו דאמר לי מר חזי דלא מצווחת עלה בבי מדרשא:

each row served as the statutory excluded section for the other<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For if that had not been the case each alley would have required a separate 'erub to itself and a side-post air cross-beam.');">³²</span> though these could not join one another in a common 'erub even if they had wished to do so'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On account of intervening cattle ditches which cut off the approaches between the various rows. Similarly in the case of the houses by the river, though they could not he included in the provision of the general 'erub of the town, they might we;; serve as the statutory section to be excluded.');">³³</span> Then again he said: 'The two cases<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The houses by the river and the rows of alleys that were separated by the cattle ditches.');">³⁴</span>

אלא א"כ עשה חוצה לה כעיר חדשה: תניא א"ר יהודה עיר אחת היתה ביהודה וחדשה שמה והיו בה נ' דיורים אנשים ונשים וטף ובה היו משערים חכמים והיא היתה שיור

are really' unlike, since there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The last mentioned (v. prev. n.) .');">³⁵</span> one could if desired prepare the 'erub by way of roofs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Connected by balconies with one another.');">³⁶</span> while these<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the absence of the windows mentioned.');">³⁷</span>

איבעיא להו חדשה מהו חדשה כי היכי דאיהי הויא שיור לגדולה גדולה נמי הויא שיור לקטנה

could not possibly join in one general 'erub: consequently let us provide for them windows'. Finally, however, he said: 'Windows are not necessary either, for Mar B'Pupidetha of Pumbeditha had a store of straw which<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since (as laid down infra) the halachah is in agreement with R. Simeon that it is not necessary to exclude fifty tenants.');">³⁸</span> he set aside for Pumbeditha as the statutory section that was to be excluded'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the exclusion of this store-house satisfied the statutory requirements so should the houses by the river.');">³⁹</span>

אלא כעין חדשה מהו רב הונא ורב יהודה חד אמר בעיא שיור וחד אמר לא בעיא שיור:

'It is on account of this [group of houses]'. Abaye remarked: 'that the Master warned me: See that there is no outcry against it at the schoolhouse'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Had he insisted on the people providing this group of houses with windows unnecessarily, he would have raised an outcry; v. Tosaf. ubhhv ].');">⁴⁰</span> UNLESS A SECTION OF IT OF THE SIZE OF THE TOWN OF HADASHAH.

ר"ש אומר ג' חצירות וכו': אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב הלכה כר"ש רבי יצחק אמר אפי' בית אחד וחצר אחת חצר אחת ס"ד אלא אימא בית אחד בחצר אחת

IS EXCLUDED. It was taught: R'Judah related, 'There was a town in Judea whose name was Hadashah which had fifty inhabitants, men, women and children, by means of which the Sages determined [the statutory size of the sections to be excluded];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. our MISHNAH:');">⁴¹</span> and this town itself served as the excluded section [of a larger town].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In its vicinity.');">⁴²</span>

אמר ליה אביי לרב יוסף הא דרבי יצחק גמרא או סברא אמר ליה מאי נפקא לן מינה אמר ליה גמרא גמור זמורתא תהא:

The question was raised: What was the procedure in Hadashah itself?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. could all the inhabitants of Hadashah join in one 'erub?');">⁴³</span> - Since Hadashah served as the excluded section of the large town<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In its vicinity.');">⁴²</span> the latter also obviously served as the excluded section of the smaller town; the question rather is: What is the procedure<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n. mut. mut.');">⁴⁴</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> מי שהיה במזרח ואמר לבנו ערב לי במערב במערב ואמר לבנו ערב לי במזרח אם יש הימנו ולביתו אלפים אמה ולעירובו יותר מכאן מותר לביתו ואסור לעירובו

in a town that is similar in size to Hadashah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But which, unlike Hadashah, was not near to a large town.');">⁴⁵</span> - R'Huna and Rab Judah differ on this point - One holds that a section of it must be excluded while the other maintains that none need be excluded. R'SIMEON RULED: THREE COURTYARDS etc. R'Hama B'Goria citing Rab stated: The halachah is in agreement with R'Simeon, R'Isaac ruled: Even one house and one courtyard [are sufficient].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To constitute the statutory section.');">⁴⁶</span>

לעירובו אלפים אמה ולביתו יתר מכאן אסור לביתו ומותר לעירובו

'One courtyard'! Is this conceivable?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A courtyard without a house, surely, could not be regarded is a dwelling.');">⁴⁷</span> - Rather say: One house in one courtyard. Said Abaye to R'Joseph: 'Is that ruling of R'Isaac a tradition or a logical deduction? ' - ' What', the other retorted: 'does this matter to us? ' 'Is then', the first replied.'

הנותן את עירובו בעיבורה של עיר לא עשה ולא כלום

the study of Gemara to be a mere sing-song? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A monotonous droning where no one is interested in sources or origins.');">⁴⁸</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF A MAN WHO WAS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the time the Sabbath had set in.');">⁴⁹</span> IN THE EAST<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. in the open country in an easterly direction from his house or HIS SON (v. Gemara infra) .');">⁵⁰</span>

נתנו חוץ לתחום אפילו אמה אחת

INSTRUCTED HIS SON,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prior to the commencement of the Sabbath.');">⁵¹</span> 'PREPARE FOR ME AN 'ERUB<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prior to the commencement of the Sabbath.');">⁵¹</span> IN THE WEST',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra n. 5.');">⁵²</span> OR IF HE WAS IN THE WEST<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra n. 5.');">⁵²</span> AND HE INSTRUCTED HIS SON<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prior to the commencement of the Sabbath.');">⁵¹</span> 'PREPARE FOR ME AN 'ERUB<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prior to the commencement of the Sabbath.');">⁵¹</span> IN THE EAST',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra n. 5.');">⁵²</span> IF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN HIM AND HIS HOUSE WAS NO MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND CUBITS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The permitted Sabbath limit.');">⁵³</span> AND THAT BETWEEN HIM AND HIS 'ERUB WAS MORE THAN THIS, HE IS PERMITTED TO PROCEED TO HIS HOUSE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. his house, with whose Sabbath limit he was when the Sabbath had begun is regarded as the place of his Sabbath rest from where he is entitled to walk distances of two thousand cubits in all directions.');">⁵⁴</span> BUT FORBIDDEN TO PROCEED TO HIS 'ERUB.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because at the time the Sabbath had begun he was more than a Sabbath limit away from it (cf. prev. n. mut. mut.) . The place of an 'erub which one is unable to reach during the Sabbath between this be regarded as one's place of Sabbath rest. (On the distinction between this else and the one supra 50b, v. Rashi a.l.) .');">⁵⁵</span> IF THE DISTANCE TO HIS 'ERUB WAS NO MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND CUBITS AND THAT TO HIS HOUSE MORE THAN THIS, HE IS FORBIDDEN TO PROCEED TO HIS HOUSE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n. mut. mut.');">⁵⁶</span> BUT PERMITTED TO PROCEED TO HIS 'ERUB.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra n. 9, mut. mut.');">⁵⁷</span> IF A MAN DEPOSITS HIS 'ERUB WITHIN THE [SABBATIC] EXTENSION OF A TOWN,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., within the area of seventy and two thirds cubits around the town from which the two thousand cubits of the Sabbath limit are measured.');">⁵⁸</span> HIS ACT IS OF NO CONSEQUENCE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he has not done anything', since in the absence of the 'erub also he (cf. prev. n.) is permitted to move within that area as well as a Sabbath limit of two thousand cubits beyond it in all directions on any side of the town; while all the town itself is in this respect regarded as an area of no more than four cubits by four within which its inhabitants may freely move in addition to the limits mentioned.');">⁵⁹</span> IF HE DEPOSITED IT EVEN ONE CUBIT ONLY BEYOND THE Limit<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., , (cf. Gemara infra) beyond the Sabbatic extension of seventy and two thirds cubits around the town.');">⁶⁰</span>