Eruvin 159

ואין טועמין מפירותיה

and of which they do not taste the fruit;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If they had not worshipped the tree as an Asherah they would not have abstained from eating of its fruit.');">¹</span> and Samuel said: One, for instance, concerning which the priests<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though they eat its fruit.');">²</span> say: "These dates are for the beer of the temple of Nizrefe"<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A Persian house of worship, cf. A.Z., Sonc. ed., p. 239, n. 8.');">³</span>

ושמואל אמר כגון דאמרי הני תמרי לשיכרא דבי נצרפי דשתו ליה ביום חגם (אמר אמימר) ואמרו לי סבי דפומבדיתא הלכתא כוותיה דשמואל

since they drink it on their festival day;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the tree itself is not worshipped it is regarded as all Asherah by implication since its produce is devoted to idolatry.');">⁴</span> and<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cur. edd. insert in parenthesis 'Amemar said'.');">⁵</span> the elders of Pumbeditha told me: The law is in agreement with Samuel'.

מיתיבי כיצד משתתפין במבוי מביאים חבית של יין ושל שמן ושל תמרים ושל גרוגרות ושל שאר מיני פירות

An objection was raised:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Against Rab Judah who laid down supra that the jar must be raised a handbreadth from the ground.');">⁶</span> How is shittuf in an alley effected? A jar of wine, oil, dates, dried figs or any other kind of fruit is brought there.

אם משלו צריך לזכות ואם משלהן צריך להודיע ומגביה מן הקרקע משהו מאי משהו נמי דקאמר טפח

If it is his own<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That of the man who prepares the Shittuf.');">⁷</span> he must<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the manner prescribed supra (v. our Mishnah and notes) .');">⁸</span> transfer possession to all the residents;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that they may all have a share in it.');">⁹</span>

איתמר שיתופי מבואות רב אמר אין צריך לזכות ושמואל אמר צריך לזכות עירובי תחומין רב אמר צריך לזכות ושמואל אמר אין צריך לזכות

and if it is theirs he must uniform them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That their joint stock is to be used for shittuf. Since the 'erub of a man who 'is particular about his share in a joint 'erub' is invalid (supra 49a) , all the residents must have an opportunity of expressing consent or disapproval. Unless they had such all opportunity the shittuf is invalid since it is possible that they would object to allow each other the full benefit of their respective shares.');">¹⁰</span> and then one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A qualified person (cf. our Mishnah) .');">¹¹</span> raises it slightly<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Emphasis on this word.');">¹²</span>

בשלמא לשמואל הכא תנן והכא לא תנן אלא לרב מאי טעמא

from the ground!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 555, n. 6 mut. mut. How then is this to be reconciled with Rab Judah's ruling that the jar must be raised a full handbreadth from the ground?');">¹³</span> - By the expression 'slightly' also a handbreadth was meant. It was stated: The food for the shittuf of alleys, Rab ruled, requires no transfer of possession, and Samuel ruled: It does require transfer of possession.

תנאי היא דאמר רב יהודה אמר רב מעשה בכלתו של רבי אושעיא שהלכה לבית המרחץ וחשכה לה ועירבה לה חמותה

As regards the food for an 'erub of Sabbath limits, Rab ruled: Transfer of possession is required and Samuel ruled: Transfer of possession is not required. Samuel's view<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That transfer of possession is required in shittuf but not in all 'erub of Sabbath limits.');">¹⁴</span> can well be justified, since we have learnt the one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'here', in our Mishnah where it is laid down that in the case of shittuf HE MUST CONFER POSSESSION.');">¹⁵</span>

ובא מעשה לפני רבי חייא ואסר אמר לו רבי ישמעאל ברבי יוסי בבלאי כל כך אתה מחמיר בעירובין כך אמר אבא כל שיש לך להקל בעירובין הקל

and have not learnt the other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the law of 'erub of Sabbath limits is enunciated (cf. infra 82a) no mention is made of transfer of possession.');">¹⁶</span> What, however, Is the justification for Rab's view?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which appears to be contrary to the rulings in the MISHNAH:');">¹⁷</span> - The question of transfer is a point at issue between Tannas.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One of whom differs from the view in the Mishnah, and Rab follows his view.');">¹⁸</span>

ואבעיא להו משל חמותה עירבה לה ומשום דלא זיכתה לה או דילמא משלה עירבה לה ומשום דשלא מדעתה

For Rab Judah related in the name of Rab: The daughter-in-law of R'Oshaia was once overtaken by dusk when she went<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath eve.');">¹⁹</span> to a bath house<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That was without the Sabbath limit of the town.');">²⁰</span> and her mother-in-law prepared for her an 'erub.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of Sabbath limits to enable her to return to town. (So Rashi. For a different interpretation v. Tosaf. a.l.)');">²¹</span>

אמר להן ההוא מרבנן ורבי יעקב שמיה לדידי מיפרשא לה מיניה דרבי יוחנן משל חמותה עירבה ומשום דלא זיכתה לה

R'Hiyya to whom the incident was reported forbade her return.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n.');">²²</span> Babylonian',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Hiyya hailed from Babylon (cf. Suk. 20a) .');">²³</span> said R'Ishmael son of R'Jose to him, 'are you so strict about the laws of 'erub.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n.');">²²</span>

אמר ליה רבי זירא לרבי יעקב (בריה) דבת יעקב כי מטית התם אקיף וזיל לסולמא דצור ובעי' מיניה מרב יעקב בר אידי

Thus said my father: Wherever you see an opportunity of relaxing the laws of 'erub seize it'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'make easy'.');">²⁴</span> And when the question was raised: 'Was the 'erub prepared out of her mother-in-law's food and the reason [for the prohibition]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By R. Hiyya.');">²⁵</span> was that she<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The mother-in-law.');">²⁶</span>

בעא מיניה משל חמותה עירבה ומשום דלא זיכתה לה או דלמא משלה עירבה ומשום דשלא מדעתה

did not transfer possession to her<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Her daughter-in-law.');">²⁷</span> or was it rather that it was prepared out of her own<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The mother-in-law.');">²⁶</span> food and the reason for the prohibition<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By R. Hiyya.');">²⁵</span>

אמר ליה משל חמותה עירבה לה ומשום דלא זיכתה לה

was that it was done without her<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Her daughter-in-law.');">²⁷</span> knowledge? ' One of the Rabbis, whose name was R'Jacob, told them: 'It was explained to me by R'Johanan that the 'erub was prepared out of her mother-in-law's food and that the reason for the prohibition was that she did not transfer possession to her'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus it has been shown that the question of the necessity for the transfer of possession in the case of an 'erub of Sabbath limits is one in dispute between the Tannas R. Hiyya and R. Ishmael. Rab, by adopting the view of the former, may, therefore, maintain it though it is contrary to a MISHNAH: As to his view on shittuf which is contrary to our Mishnah the explanation might be that Rab is regarded as a Tanna who may well differ from a MISHNAH: V. Tosaf. a.l. for another interpretation.');">²⁸</span> R'Zera requested R'Jacob son of Jacob's daughter:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His father was unworthy to be named (Rashi) .');">²⁹</span>

אמר רב נחמן נקטינן אחד עירובי תחומין ואחד עירובי חצירות אחד שיתופי מבואות צריך לזכות בעי רב נחמן עירובי תבשילין צריך לזכות או אין צריך לזכות

When you arrive in Palestine<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there'. The request was made in Babylon.');">³⁰</span> make a detour to visit<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'make a circuit and go'.');">³¹</span> the Ladder of Tyre and ask R'Jacob B'Idi [his version of the incident].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' About the 'erub for R. Oshaia's daughter-in-law.');">³²</span>

אמר רב יוסף ומאי תיבעי ליה לא שמיע ליה הא דאמר ר"נ בר רב אדא אמר שמואל עירובי תבשילין צריך לזכות אמר ליה אביי פשיטא דלא שמיע ליה דאי שמיע ליה מאי תיבעי ליה

'Was the 'erub', he asked him [in due course], 'prepared out of her mother-in-law's food and the reason for the prohibition was that she did not transfer possession to her or was it rather that it was prepared out of her own food and the reason for the prohibition was that it was done without her knowledge? ' 'The 'erub', the other replied: 'was prepared out of her mother-in-law's food and the reason for the prohibition was that she did not transfer possession to her'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In agreement with Rab's view.');">³³</span> R'Nahman stated: We have a tradition that both in the case of 'erubs of Sabbath limits and in that of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cur. edd. insert erubs of courtyards'. The phrase is omitted with MS.M. and Bah.');">³⁴</span> shittuf of alleys possession must be transferred.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To those who are to benefit from it.');">³⁵</span>

אמר ליה אטו עירובי תחומין מי לא אמר שמואל אין צריך לזכות ואמר איהו צריך לזכות

R'Nahman, however, enquired: Is it necessary or not to confer possession in the case of an 'erub of dishes?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tabshilin, lit., 'cooked foodstuffs'. Such an 'erub is prepared when a festival occurs on a Friday to enable those in whose favour it is prepared to cook, light candles and perform all other necessary services for the Sabbath on the festival day. In the absence of such an 'erub no kind of preparatory work for the Sabbath is allowed on a festival day.');">³⁶</span> - 'Why', remarked R'Joseph, 'did he ask this question? Did he not hear the ruling laid down by R'Nahman B'K.

הכי השתא בשלמא התם פליגי רב ושמואל וקא משמע לן כחומרין דמר וכי חומרין דמר אבל הכא אי איתא דשמיע ליה מי איכא דמאן דפליג

Adda in the name of Samuel that an 'erub of dishes must be conferred [upon those who are to benefit from it]? ' - 'It is obvious', Abaye retorted: 'that he did not hear it; for had he heard it what was the point of his asking? ' - 'Did not Samuel rule', the first replied: 'that in the case of 'erubs of Sabbath limits possession need not be conferred and he nevertheless ruled that possession must be conferred? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which shows that in the case of 'erubs of Sabbath limits he heard of Samuel's view but disregarded it. Is it not then possible that he did hear his view on that of 'erubs of dishes also but did not accept it?');">³⁷</span> - 'What a comparison!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'thus, now'.');">³⁸</span> His ruling may well be justified there,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Erubs of Sabbath limits.');">³⁹</span>

ההוא טורזינא דהוה בשיבבותיה דרבי זירא א"ל אוגיר לן רשותך לא אוגיר להו אתו לקמיה דר' זירא אמרו ליה מהו למיגר מדביתהו

since Rab and Samuel are at variance on the point and he desired to inform us that we must adopt the restrictions of the one Master as well as those of the other Master, but in this case,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That of 'erubs of dishes.');">⁴⁰</span> seeing that no one disputes Samuel's ruling<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'is there one who differs?'');">⁴¹</span> would he, if he had heard it, have asked his question? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Obviously not. Hence Abaye's conviction that he could not have heard it.');">⁴²</span>

אמר להו הכי אמר ר"ל משמיה דגברא רבה ומנו רבי חנינא אשתו של אדם מערבת שלא מדעתו

A certain superintendent<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who was a heathen.');">⁴³</span> of the town armory lived in the neighbourhood of R'Zera, and when [the Israelite residents] asked him to let his share<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To enable them to arrange Shittuf for their alley.');">⁴⁴</span> to them he refused.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'they said to him: Let your domain to us. He did not let to them'.');">⁴⁵</span>

ההוא טורזינא דהוה בשיבבותיה דרב יהודה בר אושעיא אמרי ליה אוגר לן רשותך לא אוגר להו אתו לקמיה דרב יהודה בר אושעיא אמרי ליה מהו למיגר מדביתהו לא הוה בידיה אתו לקמיה דרב מתנה לא הוה בידיה אתו לקמיה דרב יהודה אמר להו הכי אמר שמואל אשתו של אדם מערבת שלא מדעתו

They, thereupon, came to R'Zera and asked him whether it would be permissible to rent it from his<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The heathen's.');">⁴⁶</span> wife.' Thus', he replied: 'said Resh Lakish In the name of a great man (and who is it? - R'Hanina) : A wife may prepare all 'erub without her husband's knowledge'.

מיתיבי נשים שעירבו ונשתתפו שלא מדעת בעליהן אין עירובן עירוב ואין שיתופן שיתוף

A certain superintendent<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who was a heathen.');">⁴³</span> of the town armory lived in the neighbourhood of R'Judah B'Oshaia.' Will you', the Israelite residents asked him, 'let your share to us? ' He refused.

לא קשיא הא דאסר הא דלא אסר

They proceeded to R'Judah B'Oshaia and asked him whether it was permissible to rent it from his<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The heathen's.');">⁴⁶</span> wife, but he was unable to supply the information.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'it was not in his hand'.');">⁴⁷</span> They then proceeded to R'Mattena who also was unable to supply it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'it was not in his hand'.');">⁴⁷</span>

הכי נמי מסתברא דא"כ קשיא דשמואל אדשמואל דאמר שמואל אחד מבני מבוי שרגיל להשתתף עם בני מבוי ולא נשתתף בני המבוי נכנסין לתוך ביתו ונוטלין שיתופן ממנו בעל כרחו

When they finally came to Rab Judah he told then) , 'Thus said Samuel: A wife may prepare an 'erub without her husband's knowledge'. An objection was raised: If women prepared an 'erub or arranged shittuf without their husbands' knowledge there is no validity either in their 'erub<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'their 'erub is no 'erub' etc.');">⁴⁸</span> or in their shittuf?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A contradiction to the ruling just cited by Rab Judah.');">⁴⁹</span>

רגיל אין שאין רגיל לא שמע מינה

- This is no difficulty, since one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ruling that 'a wife may prepare an 'erub without her husband's knowledge'.');">⁵⁰</span> deals with a person who imposes restrictions, while the other<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That in the Baraitha.');">⁵¹</span> deals with one who does not impose restrictions.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One, for instance, whose courtyard was situated between the alley under discussion and another alley and who was in the habit of using the latter and not the former. In such circumstances no restrictions are imposed on the alley in question.');">⁵²</span>

לימא מסייע ליה כופין אותו לעשות לחי וקורה למבוי

This explanation<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That Samuel agrees that a wife may not prepare an 'erub where her husband imposes no restrictions.');">⁵³</span> may also be supported by a process of reasoning, since a contradiction would otherwise arise between two rulings of Samuel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'for if so, a difficulty of Samuel (arises) on that of Samuel'.');">⁵⁴</span> For Samuel ruled: 'If one of the residents of an alley, who usually joins the other residents in shittuf refused to join then, the residents may<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' enable them to arrange a shittuf for their alley.');">⁵⁵</span> enter his house and collect his contribution to the shittuf by force', [from which<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the qualification 'who usually joins' was added.');">⁵⁶</span> it follows that this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That shittuf may be arranged without a resident's knowledge or consent.');">⁵⁷</span> applies only to] one who usually [joins his neighbours in the shittuf]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. one who imposed restrictions upon them.');">⁵⁸</span> but not to one who did not.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If, therefore, a distinction is drawn between a resident who imposes restrictions and one who does not, this ruling of Samuel may well be reconciled with the one cited in his name by Rab Judah. If, however, no such distinction is drawn and no emphasis is laid on 'usually joins', a contradiction would arise between the two rulings of Samuel himself.');">⁵⁹</span> This is conclusive. May it be suggested that the following provides support to his view:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That coercion may be used in the matter of shittuf.');">⁶⁰</span> A resident may be compelled to provide a side-post and a cross-beam for an alley?